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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 79

The Philaeni brothers

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Iug. 79.1Sed quoniam in eās regiōnēs per Lepcitānōrum negōtia vēnimus, nōn indignum vidētur ēgregium atque mīrābile facinus duōrum Carthāginiēnsium memorāre;But since the affairs of the people of Leptis have brought us into these regions, it does not seem unfitting to recount a remarkable and wonderful deed of two Carthaginians; Iug. 79.1eam rem nōs locus admonuit.the place has reminded me of it. Iug. 79.2Quā tempestāte Carthāginiēnsēs plēraque Āfricā imperitābant, Cȳrēnēnsēs quoque magnī atque opulentī fuēre.At the time when the Carthaginians ruled over most of Africa, the people of Cyrene too were great and wealthy. Iug. 79.3Ager in mediō harēnōsus, ūnā speciē;The land between them was sandy and all of one appearance; Iug. 79.3neque flūmen neque mōns erat, quī fīnīs eōrum discerneret.there was neither river nor mountain to mark the boundary between them. Iug. 79.3Quae rēs eōs in magnō diūturnōque bellō inter sē habuit.This kept them in a great and long war with each other. Iug. 79.4Postquam utrimque legiōnēs, item classēs saepe fūsae fugātaeque et alterī alterōs aliquantum adtrīverant, veritī, nē mox victōs victōrēsque dēfessōs alius aggrederētur, per indūtiās spōnsiōnem faciunt, utī certō diē lēgātī domō proficīscerentur: quō in locō inter sē obviī fuissent, is commūnis utrīusque populī fīnis habērētur.After armies and fleets on both sides had often been routed and put to flight, and each had considerably worn the other down, fearing that someone else might soon attack both conquered and conquerors in their exhaustion, they made an agreement during a truce that envoys should set out from home on a fixed day: the place where they met each other should be regarded as the common boundary of the two peoples.

Iug. 79.5Igitur Carthāgine duo frātrēs missī, quibus nōmen Philaenīs erat, mātūrāvēre iter pergere.So two brothers were sent from Carthage, whose name was Philaenus, and they made haste to press on with their journey. Iug. 79.5Cȳrēnēnsēs tardius iēre.The men of Cyrene went more slowly. Iug. 79.5Id sōcordiāne an cāsū accidit, parum cognōvī.Whether this happened through sloth or by chance, I have not found out for certain. Iug. 79.6Cēterum solet in illīs locīs tempestās haud secus atque in marī retinēre.But in those parts a storm often holds men back just as at sea. Iug. 79.6Nam ubi per loca aequālia et nūda gignentium ventus coortus harēnam humō excitāvit, ea magnā vī agitāta ōra oculōsque inplēre solet: ita prōspectū impedītō morārī iter.For when a wind has risen over the level ground, bare of vegetation, and stirred up the sand from the ground, the sand, driven with great force, usually fills the mouth and eyes: so, with the view blocked, the journey is delayed. Iug. 79.7Postquam Cȳrēnēnsēs aliquantō posteriōrēs sē esse vident et ob rem corruptam domī poenās metuont, crīminārī Carthāginiēnsīs ante tempus domō dīgressōs, conturbāre rem, dēnique omnia mālle quam victī abīre.When the men of Cyrene saw that they were well behind and feared punishment at home for having ruined the business, they accused the Carthaginians of having left home before the time, threw the matter into confusion, and in short were ready to do anything rather than go away beaten.

Iug. 79.8Sed quom Poenī aliam condiciōnem, tantummodo aequam, peterent, Graecī optiōnem Carthāginiēnsium faciunt, ut vel illī, quōs fīnīs populō suō peterent, ibi vīvī obruerentur, vel eādem condiciōne sēsē quem in locum vellent prōcessūrōs.But when the Carthaginians asked for some other terms, provided only they were fair, the Greeks gave the Carthaginians a choice: either they should be buried alive at the spot they claimed as the boundary for their people, or on the same condition the Greeks would advance to whatever place they wished. Iug. 79.9Philaenī condiciōne probātā sēque vītamque suam reī pūblicae condōnāvēre: ita vīvī obrutī.The Philaeni accepted the condition and gave up themselves and their lives to their country: so they were buried alive. Iug. 79.10Carthāginiēnsēs in eō locō Philaenīs frātribus ārās cōnsecrāvēre, aliīque illīs domī honōrēs īnstitūtī.The Carthaginians consecrated altars to the Philaeni brothers on that spot, and other honours were established for them at home. Iug. 79.10Nunc ad rem redeō.Now I return to my subject.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (160 words)
sed, conj.but
quoniam, conj.since now, since
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
nōn, adv.not
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mīrābilis, -ewonderful, marvellous
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nōsplur. of ego
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
imperitō, -āre, -āvīrule over, command (+ dat.)
quoque, adv.also
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ager, agri, m.field, land
medium, -ī n.the middle; in mediō: in the midst
harēnōsus, -a, -umsandy
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
flūmen, -minis, n.river
mōns, montis, m.mountain
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
diūturnus, -a, -umlong-lasting
que, enclitic conj.and
bellum, -ī, n.war
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
itemlikewise, also
classis, -is f.fleet
saepe, adv.often, frequently
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
fugō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to flight, rout
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
atterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītusrub away, wear down; ruin
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
mox, adv.soon
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
dēfessus, -a, -umworn out, exhausted
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
indūtiae, -ārum f. pl.truce, armistice
spōnsiō, -ōnis f.solemn promise, pledge, agreement; a wager
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
populus, -ī m.people, nation
igitur, conj.therefore
frāter, frātris, m.brother
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
mātūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusripen; hasten
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
pergō, -ere, perrēxī, perrēctumgo on, press on
tardē (adv.)slowly; comp. tardius
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
an, conj.or (in questions)
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
mare, maris, n.sea
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
nam, conj.for
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
ventus, -ī, m.wind
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
oculus, -ī, m.eye
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
prōspectus, -ūs m.view
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
crīminor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccuse, denounce, make charges against
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
conturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow into confusion, alarm, upset
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
omnis, -eall, every
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
optiō, -ōnis f. / m.(f.) choice, option; (m.) optio, a centurion's deputy
velor; vel … vel: either … or
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ibi, adv.in that place, there
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
volō, velle, voluīwish
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
vīta, -ae, f.life
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
condōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumforgive, overlook (for someone's sake)
āra, -ae, f.altar
cōnsecrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake sacred, consecrate
honor, -ōris, m.honor
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
nunc, adv.now
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.