| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| imprōvīsus, -a, -um | unexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly) |
| metus, -ūs m. | fear, dread |
| incertus, -a, -um | uncertain, unreliable |
| ignārus, -a, -um | ignorant |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| potissimum (adv.) | above all, in preference to all others |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | be in a panic, hurry about in alarm |
| arx, arcis f. | citadel, stronghold |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| scūtum, -ī, n. | shield |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessus | beset, besiege |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| claudō, -ere, clausī, clausum | close, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitus | hold back, prevent, hinder |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| mulier, mulieris, f. | woman |
| puer, puerī, m. | boy |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| tēctum, -ī n. | roof; house |
| aedificium, -ī n. | building |
| saxum, -ī, n. | rock, stone |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | hold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit |
| certātim (adv.) | eagerly, vying with one another |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautus | beware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of |
| anceps, ancipitis | two-sided, on two fronts; doubtful |
| malum, -ī, n. | evil, mischief |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| fortis, -e | brave |
| īnfirmus, -a, -um | weak |
| genus, generis, n. | kind, nature |
| resistō, -sistere, -stitī | stand back, resist |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.) | nearby; next to |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| malus, -a, -um | bad |
| strēnuus, -a, -um | active, vigorous, energetic |
| imbellis, -e | unwarlike, cowardly |
| inultus, -a, -um | unavenged; unpunished |
| obtruncō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | cut down, kill |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| asperitās, -ātis f. | roughness, unevenness; harshness |
| saevus, -a, -um | fierce, savage |
| undique, adv. | from or on all sides |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| Italicus, -a, -um | Italian; bellum Italicum: the Social War of 91–88 BC between Rome and its Italian allies |
| intāctus, -a, -um | untouched, unharmed |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| misericordia, -ae, f; | pity, compassion |
| hospes, hospitis m. | guest; host; guest-friend |
| an, conj. | or (in questions) |
| pactiō, -ōnis f. | agreement, bargain |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| cāsus, -ūs, m. | fall; chance, accident |
| ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come out; turn out, happen, befall |
| parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē) | too little; minimē: least, not at all |
| comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertum | find out, learn |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| vīta, -ae, f. | life |
| integer, -gra, -grum | untouched, fresh, whole |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| potior, -ius (comp. adj.) | better, preferable, more powerful |
| improbus, -a, -um | wicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue |
| intestābilis, -e | disqualified from giving testimony; infamous, detestable |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |