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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 53

Rutilius routs Bomilcar

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Iug. 53.1Rōmānī ex inprōvīsō pulveris vim magnam animadvortunt;The Romans unexpectedly noticed a great cloud of dust; Iug. 53.1nam prōspectum ager arbustīs cōnsitus prohibēbat.for the ground, planted with orchards, cut off their view. Iug. 53.1Et prīmō ratī humum āridam ventō agitārī, post ubi aequābilem manēre et, sīcutī aciēs movēbātur, magis magisque adpropinquāre vident, cognitā rē properantēs arma capiunt ac prō castrīs, sīcutī imperābātur, cōnsistunt.And at first they thought that the dry earth was being stirred up by the wind; afterwards, when they saw that it remained steady and, as the battle line moved, came nearer and nearer, they understood the situation, hurriedly took up arms, and took their stand in front of the camp, as they were ordered. Iug. 53.2Deinde ubi propius ventum est, utrimque magnō clamōre concurritur.Then, when they came closer, both sides charged with a great shout. Iug. 53.3Numidae tantummodo remorātī, dum in elephantīs auxilium putant, postquam eōs impedītōs rāmīs arborum atque ita disiectōs circumvenīrī vident, fugam faciunt, ac plērīque abiectīs armīs collis aut noctis, quae iam aderat, auxiliō integrī abeunt.The Numidians held out only as long as they thought there was help in their elephants; after they saw that these were entangled in the branches of the trees and, thus separated, were being surrounded, they took to flight, and most of them, throwing away their arms, got away unharmed with the help of the hill or of the night, which was now coming on.

Iug. 53.4Elephantī quattuor captī, reliquī omnēs numerō quadrāgintā interfectī.Four elephants were captured, all the rest, forty in number, were killed. Iug. 53.5At Rōmānī, quamquam itinere atque opere castrōrum et proeliō fessī laetīque erant, tamen, quod Metellus amplius opīniōne morābātur, īnstrūctī intentīque obviam prōcēdunt;But the Romans, although they were weary from the march, the work of making camp and the battle, and were in high spirits, nevertheless, because Metellus was delaying longer than expected, went out to meet him in battle order and on the alert; Iug. 53.6nam dolus Numidārum nihil languidī neque remissī patiēbātur.for the cunning of the Numidians allowed no slackness or relaxation. Iug. 53.7Ac prīmō obscūrā nocte, postquam haud procul inter sē erant, strepitū velut hostēs adventāre, alterī apud alterōs formīdinem simul et tumultum facere;And at first, in the darkness of the night, when they were not far from one another, the noise made each think that enemies were approaching, and they caused fear and confusion in each other at the same moment; Iug. 53.7et paene inprūdentiā admissum facinus miserābile, nī utrimque praemissī equitēs rem explōrāvissent.and a pitiful disaster was almost committed through ignorance, had not horsemen sent ahead by both sides found out the truth.

Iug. 53.8Igitur prō metū repente gaudium mūtātur: mīlitēs alius alium laetī appellant, ācta ēdocent atque audiunt, sua quisque fortia facta ad caelum fert.So fear suddenly changed to joy: the soldiers joyfully called out to one another, told of what had been done and heard it told, and each praised his own brave deeds to the skies. Iug. 53.8Quippe rēs hūmānae ita sēsē habent: in victōriā vel ignāvīs glōriārī licet, advorsae rēs etiam bonōs dētrectant.For so it is with human affairs: in victory even cowards may boast, while defeat disparages even the brave.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (156 words)
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
imprōvīsus, -a, -umunexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly)
pulvis, -eris m.dust
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
nam, conj.for
prōspectus, -ūs m.view
ager, agri, m.field, land
arbustum, -ī n.orchard, plantation of trees (for training vines)
cōnserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow, plant; set thickly (with)
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prīmō, adv.at first
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
āridus, -a, -umdry; as a noun (āridum, -ī n.): dry land
ventus, -ī, m.wind
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
aequābilis, -eeven, uniform; consistent, fair
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
sīcutī (adv.)just as, as
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
que, enclitic conj.and
appropinquō, -propinquāre, -propinquāvī, -propinquātusapproach to, approach
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
deinde, adv.then, next
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
remoror, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hold back
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
elephantus, -ī m.elephant
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
arbor, -oris, f.tree
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
disiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow apart, scatter
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
fuga, -ae, f.flight
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
collis, -is m.hill
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nox, noctis, f.night
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iam, adv.now, already
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
omnis, -eall, every
numerus, -ī, m.number
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
at, conj.but
quamquam, conj.however much, although
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
opus, operis, n.work, task
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
amplius (adv.)more, further
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
obviam, adv.in the way, opposite, face to face; obviam fierī, to meet; obviam īre, to go to meet
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
languidus, -a, -umfaint, tired
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
veluteven or just as, as
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
paene, adv.almost, nearly
imprūdentia, -ae f.lack of foresight, ignorance; imprudence
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
igitur, conj.therefore
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
repente (adv.)suddenly
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctuminform thoroughly, explain
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
fortis, -ebrave
factum, -ī n.deed, act
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
victōria, -ae, f.victory
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ignāvus, -a, -umlazy, cowardly
glōrior, -ārī, -ātus sumboast
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
bonus, -a, -umgood
dētrectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdecline, refuse, shirk
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.