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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 51

Confused fighting on the plain

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Iug. 51.1Cēterum faciēs tōtīus negōtī varia, incerta, foeda atque miserābilis: dispersī ā suīs pars cēdere, aliī īnsequī;Moreover, the whole affair presented a scene that was changing, uncertain, ugly and pitiable: scattered from their comrades, some gave way, others pursued; Iug. 51.1neque signa neque ōrdinēs observāre;they observed neither standards nor ranks; Iug. 51.1ubi quemque perīculum cēperat, ibi resistere ac prōpulsāre;wherever danger had caught each man, there he stood his ground and fought it off; Iug. 51.1arma tēla, equī virī, hostēs atque cīvēs permixtī;arms and missiles, horses and men, enemies and citizens were mingled together; Iug. 51.1nihil cōnsiliō neque imperiō agī, fors omnia regere.nothing was done by plan or command; chance ruled everything. Iug. 51.2Itaque multum diēī prōcesserat, quom etiam tum ēventus in incertō erat.So much of the day had passed, and even then the outcome was uncertain. Iug. 51.3Dēnique omnibus labōre et aestū languidīs Metellus, ubi videt Numidās minus īnstāre, paulātim mīlitēs in ūnum condūcit, ōrdinēs restituit et cohortīs legiōnāriās quattuor advorsum peditēs hostium conlocat.At last, when all were faint with toil and heat, Metellus, seeing that the Numidians were pressing less hard, gradually brought his soldiers together into one body, restored the ranks, and placed four legionary cohorts facing the enemy's infantry.

Iug. 51.3Eōrum magna pars superiōribus locīs fessa cōnsēderat.A large part of the latter, exhausted, had sat down on the higher ground. Iug. 51.4Simul ōrāre et hortārī mīlitēs, nē dēficerent neu paterentur hostīs fugientīs vincere: neque illīs castra esse neque mūnīmentum ūllum, quō cēdentēs tenderent;At the same time he begged and urged the soldiers not to lose heart and not to let a fleeing enemy conquer: the enemy had neither camp nor any fortification to make for in retreat; Iug. 51.4in armīs omnia sita.everything depended on their arms. Iug. 51.5Sed nē Iugurtha quidem intereā quiētus erat: circumīre, hortārī;But not even Jugurtha was idle meanwhile: he went round and encouraged his men; Iug. 51.5renovāre proelium et ipse cum dēlēctīs temptāre omnia;he renewed the battle and with his picked men tried everything himself; Iug. 51.5subvenīre suīs, hostibus dubiīs īnstāre, quōs firmōs cognōverat, ēminus pugnandō retinēre.he helped his own men, pressed hard on the enemy where they wavered, and held off those whom he knew to be steady by fighting from a distance.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (111 words)
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
varius, -a, -umvarious
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
miserābilis, -epitiable, wretched
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ibi, adv.in that place, there
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
prōpulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive back
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
equus, -ī, m.horse
vir, virī, m.man
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
fors, fortis f.chance, luck
omnis, -eall, every
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
multum, -ī, n.much
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
tum, adv.then, at that time
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
languidus, -a, -umfaint, tired
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
minus, comp. adv.less
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
condūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumbring together, assemble
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
legiōnārius, -a, -umof a legion, legionary
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
ūllus, -a, -umany
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
sed, conj.but
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cum, prep, with abl.with
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
subveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to help, rescue (+ dat.)
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
ēminus (adv.)at a distance, from afar
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.