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Pliny · Epistulae VIII

Pliny, Letter 8.8

The spring of Clitumnus

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Ep. 8.8.1Vīdistīne aliquandō Clitumnum fontem?Have you ever seen the spring of Clitumnus? Ep. 8.8.1Sī nōndum - et putō nōndum: aliōquī narrāssēs mihi -, vidē;If not yet — and I think not yet, otherwise you would have told me — go and see it; Ep. 8.8.1quem ego - paenitet tarditātis - proximē vīdī.I saw it only lately — I regret my slowness. Ep. 8.8.2Modicus collis assurgit, antīquā cupressū nemorōsus et opācus.A modest hill rises, wooded and shady with ancient cypress. Ep. 8.8.2Hunc subter exit fōns et exprimitur plūribus vēnīs sed imparibus, ēluctātusque quem facit gurgitem lātō gremiō patēscit, pūrus et vitreus, ut numerāre iactās stipēs et relūcentēs calculōs possīs.Beneath it the spring issues forth and is forced out through several veins, but unequal ones, and having struggled free it opens out into the broad bosom of the pool it forms, pure and clear as glass, so that you can count the coins thrown in and the gleaming pebbles. Ep. 8.8.3Inde nōn locī dēvexitāte, sed ipsā suī cōpiā et quasi pondere impellitur, fōns adhūc et iam amplissimum flūmen, atque etiam nāvium patiēns;From there it is driven on, not by the slope of the ground but by its own abundance and, as it were, its weight, still a spring and already a very broad river, and even able to bear boats; Ep. 8.8.3quās obviās quoque et contrāriō nīsū in dīversa tendentēs trānsmittit et perfert, adeō validus ut illā quā properat ipse, quamquam per sōlum plānum, remīs nōn adiuvētur, īdem aegerrimē remīs contīsque superētur adversus.these it carries across and conveys even when they meet it and are heading the other way with contrary effort, so strong that a boat going the way it hurries itself, though over level ground, needs no help from oars, while the same boat going against it is overcome only with the greatest difficulty by oars and poles.

Ep. 8.8.4Iūcundum utrumque per iocum lūdumque fluitantibus, ut flexerint cursum, labōrem ōtiō ōtium labōre variāre.For those who float on it for fun and sport it is pleasant either way, as they change course, to vary toil with ease and ease with toil. Ep. 8.8.4Rīpae fraxinō multā, multā pōpulō vestiuntur, quās perspicuus amnis velut mersās viridī imāgine adnumerat.The banks are clothed with many an ash, many a poplar, which the clear stream counts up in its green reflection, as if they were sunk in it. Ep. 8.8.4Rigor aquae certāverit nivibus, nec color cēdit.The coldness of the water would rival snow, nor does its colour fall short. Ep. 8.8.5Adiacet templum prīscum et religiōsum.Next to it stands an ancient and holy temple. Ep. 8.8.5Stat Clitumnus ipse amictus ōrnātusque praetextā;Clitumnus himself stands there, clothed and adorned in a bordered robe; Ep. 8.8.5praesēns nūmen atque etiam fātidicum indicant sortēs.the oracular lots show that the divinity is present and even prophetic. Ep. 8.8.5Sparsa sunt circā sacella complūra, totidemque dī.Scattered around are several shrines, and as many gods.

Ep. 8.8.5Sua cuique venerātiō suum nōmen, quibusdam vērō etiam fontēs.Each has his own worship, his own name, and some indeed their own springs too. Ep. 8.8.5Nam praeter illum quasi parentem cēterōrum sunt minōrēs capite discrētī;For besides that one, the parent as it were of the rest, there are lesser ones separate at their source; Ep. 8.8.5sed flūminī miscentur, quod ponte trānsmittitur.but they mingle with the river, which is crossed by a bridge. Ep. 8.8.6Is terminus sacrī profānīque: in superiōre parte nāvigāre tantum, īnfrā etiam natāre concessum.This is the boundary of the sacred and the profane: above it only boating is allowed, below it swimming as well. Ep. 8.8.6Balineum Hispellātēs, quibus illum locum Dīvus Augustus dōnō dedit, pūblicē praebent, praebent et hospitium.The people of Hispellum, to whom the deified Augustus gave this place as a gift, provide a bath at public expense, and provide lodging too. Ep. 8.8.6Nec dēsunt vīllae quae secūtae flūminis amoenitātem marginī īnsistunt.Nor are there lacking villas which, following the charm of the river, stand along its bank. Ep. 8.8.7In summā nihil erit, ex quō nōn capiās voluptātem.In short, there will be nothing from which you will not derive pleasure.

Ep. 8.8.7Nam studēbis quoque: legēs multa multōrum omnibus columnīs omnibus parietibus īnscrīpta, quibus fōns ille deusque celebrātur.For you will study too: you will read many inscriptions by many hands written on every pillar and every wall, in which that spring and its god are celebrated. Ep. 8.8.7Plūra laudābis, nōn nūlla rīdēbis;Many you will praise, some you will laugh at; Ep. 8.8.7quamquam tū vērō, quae tua hūmānitās, nūlla rīdēbis.though you, with your kindness, will in fact laugh at none. Ep. 8.8.7Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (194 words)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
sī, conj.if
nōndum, adv.not yet
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
aliōquī (adv.)otherwise; in other respects
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
paenitet, -ēre, -uit (impers.)it repents, it grieves (paenitet mē: I regret, I am sorry)
tarditās, -ātis f.slowness
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
collis, -is m.hill
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
antīquus, -a, -umancient
cupressus, -ī f.cypress tree
nemorōsus, -a, -umwooded, leafy
opācus, -a, -umshady, dark
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
subter (prep. + acc. or abl.)beneath, under
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
vēna, -ae f.vein
sed, conj.but
impār, imparisunequal, ill-matched
ēluctor, -ārī, -ātus sumstruggle out, force one's way through; overcome
que, enclitic conj.and
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
gremium, -ī n.lap, bosom
patēscō, -ere, patuīopen up, be revealed
pūrus, -a, -umclean, pure; (of land) clear, unbuilt
vitreus, -a, -umof glass; glassy, clear, sparkling
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
numerō (adv.)in number (saepe numerō: very often)
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactusthrow, cast, hurl
stips, stipis f.a small coin; a money offering, alms
relūceō, -ēre, -lūxīshine back, glow
calculus, -ī m.pebble, stone; counter (for reckoning or voting); ad calculos vocare: reckon up exactly
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
inde (adv.)from there; then
nōn, adv.not
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
dēvexitās, -ātis f.downward slope, steepness
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
quasi, conj.as if
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
iam, adv.now, already
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
flūmen, -minis, n.river
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
nāvis, -is, f.ship
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
quoque, adv.also
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
nīsus, -ūs m.effort, straining
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
validus, -a, -umstrong
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
quamquam, conj.however much, although
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
plānus, -a, -umflat, level
rēmus, -ī, m.oar
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
contus, -ī m.pole
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
iocus, -ī m.joke, jest
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
fluitō, -āre, -āvīfloat, drift
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
variō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvary; differ, disagree
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
fraxinus, -ī f.ash tree; ash-wood spear
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
pōpulus, -ī f.poplar tree
vestiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumclothe, dress
perspicuus, -a, -umclear, transparent; evident, plain
amnis, -is m.river
veluteven or just as, as
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersusdip, plunge, sink
viridis, -egreen
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
adnumerō (annumerō), -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount out, pay; reckon in, add; account for
rigor, -ōris m.stiffness, hardness
aqua, -ae, f.water
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
nix, nivis, f.snow
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
color, -ōris, m.color
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
adiaceō, -ēre, -uīlie next to, border on
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
prīscus, -a, -umancient, of olden times; Prīscī Latīnī: the Old Latins
religiōsus, -a, -umdevout, scrupulous in religion
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
amiciō, -icīre, -ixī/-icuī, -ictusthrow on, wrap, clothe
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
praetexta, -ae f.the purple-bordered toga worn by boys (and magistrates); in praetextā: as a boy
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
fātidicus, -a, -umprophetic, foretelling fate
indicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, reveal, give information; inform against
sors, sortis, f.lot
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
sacellum, -ī n.a small shrine
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
totidem (indecl.)just as many
deus, -ī, m.god
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
venerātiō, -ōnis f.reverence, veneration, worship
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nam, conj.for
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
caput, capitis, n.head
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
profānus, -a, -umnot sacred, common, profane
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussail
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
īnfrā (adv. and prep. + acc.)below, further down
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
balineum (balneum), -ī n.bath, bathroom
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
amoenitās, -ātis f.pleasantness, charm (of a place)
margō, -inis m. and f.edge, border, brink
īnsistō, -ere, īnstitīstand on
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
omnis, -eall, every
columna, -ae, f.column, pillar
pariēs, -etis m.wall (of a house)
īnscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite on, inscribe
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsuslaugh
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VIII. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.