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Pliny · Epistulae VIII

Pliny, Letter 8.4

Advice for an epic on Dacia

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Ep. 8.4.1Optimē facis, quod bellum Dācicum scrībere parās.You do excellently in preparing to write about the Dacian war. Ep. 8.4.1Nam quae tam recēns tam cōpiōsa tam ēlāta, quae dēnique tam poētica et quamquam in vērissimīs rēbus tam fābulōsa māteria?For what subject is so recent, so rich, so lofty, what subject, in short, so poetic and, though its matter is entirely true, so like a legend? Ep. 8.4.2Dīcēs immissa terrīs nova flūmina, novōs pontēs flūminibus iniectōs, īnsessa castrīs montium abrupta, pulsum rēgiā pulsum etiam vītā rēgem nihil dēspērantem;You will tell of new rivers let loose upon the land, new bridges thrown across rivers, steep mountainsides occupied by camps, a king driven from his palace, driven even from his life, yet despairing of nothing; Ep. 8.4.2super haec āctōs bis triumphōs, quōrum alter ex invictā gente prīmus, alter novissimus fuit.on top of this, two triumphs celebrated, of which one was the first over a nation until then unconquered, the other the last. Ep. 8.4.3Ūna sed maxima difficultas, quod haec aequāre dīcendō arduum immēnsum, etiam tuō ingeniō, quamquam altissimē assurgat et amplissimīs operibus incrēscat.There is one difficulty, but a very great one: that to match these things in words is an arduous, immense task, even for your genius, though it rises to the greatest heights and grows with the grandest works.

Ep. 8.4.3Nōn nūllus et in illō labor, ut barbara et fera nōmina, in prīmīs rēgis ipsīus, Graecīs versibus nōn resultent.There is some labour also in this, that barbarous and savage names, above all that of the king himself, should not jar in Greek verse. Ep. 8.4.4Sed nihil est quod nōn arte cūrāque, sī nōn potest vincī, mītigētur.But there is nothing that cannot be softened by art and care, if it cannot be overcome. Ep. 8.4.4Praetereā, sī datur Homērō et mollia vocābula et Graeca ad levitātem versūs contrahere extendere īnflectere, cūr tibi similis audentia praesertim nōn dēlicāta sed necessāria nōn dētur?Besides, if Homer is allowed to contract, lengthen and bend words, soft ones and Greek ones, for the smoothness of his verse, why should a similar boldness not be granted to you, especially one that is not affected but necessary? Ep. 8.4.5Proinde iūre vātum invocātīs dīs, et inter deōs ipsō, cuius rēs opera cōnsilia dictūrus es, immitte rudentēs, pande vēla ac, sī quandō aliās, tōtō ingeniō vehere.So, having called upon the gods by the right of bards, and among the gods upon him whose deeds, works and counsels you are going to tell, let out the ropes, spread your sails, and, now if ever, be borne along with all your genius.

Ep. 8.4.5Cūr enim nōn ego quoque poēticē cum poētā?For why should I too not speak poetically with a poet? Ep. 8.4.6Illud iam nunc pacīscor: prīma quaeque ut absolveris mittitō, immō etiam ante quam absolvās, sīcut erunt recentia et rudia et adhūc similia nāscentibus.This I bargain for here and now: send me each first part as you finish it, or rather even before you finish it, just as it will be, fresh and rough and still like a newborn thing. Ep. 8.4.7Respondēbis nōn posse perinde carptim ut contexta, perinde incohāta placēre ut effecta.You will reply that pieces cannot please in the same way as a connected whole, nor things begun in the same way as things completed. Ep. 8.4.7Sciō.I know. Ep. 8.4.7Itaque et ā mē aestimābuntur ut coepta, spectābuntur ut membra, extrēmamque līmam tuam opperientur in scrīniō nostrō.So they will be judged by me as beginnings, viewed as limbs, and they will await your final polish in my book-chest. Ep. 8.4.7Patere hoc mē super cētera habēre amōris tuī pignus, ut ea quoque nōrim quae nōsse nēminem vellēs.Allow me to have this, above everything else, as a pledge of your love: that I should know even those things which you would wish nobody to know.

Ep. 8.4.8In summā poterō fortasse scrīpta tua magis probāre laudāre, quantō illa tardius cautiusque, sed ipsum tē magis amābō magisque laudābō, quantō celerius et incautius mīserīs.In short, I may perhaps be able to approve and praise your writings more the more slowly and cautiously you send them, but I shall love and praise you yourself the more, the more quickly and incautiously you send them. Ep. 8.4.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (174 words)
bene, adv.well; successfully
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quod, conj.that, in that, because
bellum, -ī, n.war
Dācicus, -a, -umDacian, of the Dacians (Trajan's Dacian war)
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
nam, conj.for
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tam, adv.so
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
cōpiōsus, -a, -umwell supplied, wealthy
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
poēticus, -a, -umpoetic, of poets
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quamquam, conj.however much, although
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
fābulōsus, -a, -umfamous in story, legendary
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
flūmen, -minis, n.river
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
īnsīdō, -ere, -sēdī, -sessussettle on; become fixed in
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
mōns, montis, m.mountain
abruptus, -a, -umsteep, precipitous; abrupt; (n. pl. as noun) steep places, dangerous paths
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
rēgia, -ae, f.palace
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
vīta, -ae, f.life
rēx, rēgis, m.king
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
bis (adv.)twice
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
invictus, -a, -umunconquered, unbeaten
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sed, conj.but
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
altē (adv.)high; deep
assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
opus, operis, n.work, task
incrēscō, -ere, -crēvīgrow, increase
nōn, adv.not
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
versus, -ūs m.line (of writing), verse
resultō, -ārebounce back, rebound; echo, resound
ars, artis, f.art
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
que, enclitic conj.and
sī, conj.if
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
mītigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussoften, calm, soothe
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
mollis, -esoft, weak
vocābulum, -ī n.name, word, term
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
levitās, -ātis f.lightness; fickleness
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
īnflectō, -ere, -flexī, -flexumbend
cūr, adv.why
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
audentia, -ae f.boldness, daring
praesertim (adv.)especially
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
invocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall upon, invoke
deus, -ī, m.god
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
rudēns, -entis m.rope; (pl.) the rigging
pandō, -ere, pandī, passumspread out (passīs manibus: with hands outstretched)
vēlum, -ī n.sail
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
enim, conj.for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quoque, adv.also
poēticē (adv.)in the manner of a poet, poetically
cum, prep, with abl.with
poēta, -ae, m.poet
iam, adv.now, already
nunc, adv.now
pacīscor, -ī, pactus sumagree, arrange; pactus: agreed upon
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sīcut (conj.)just as
rudis, -eraw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
perinde (adv.)in the same way, equally; haud perinde: not so much
carptim (adv.)piecemeal, in selected parts
contexō, -ere, -texuī, -textusweave together, join, fasten
incohō (inchoō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
līma, -ae f.file; final polishing, revision
opperior, -īrī, -pertus sumwait for, await
scrīnium, -ī n.a case or box for papers, document box
noster, -tra, -trumour
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
amor, -ōris, m.love
pignus, -oris n.pledge, token, keepsake
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
volō, velle, voluīwish
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
tardē (adv.)slowly; comp. tardius
cautē (adv.)carefully, cautiously
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
incautē (adv.)carelessly, without due caution
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VIII. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.