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Pliny · Epistulae VIII

Pliny, Letter 8.23

The death of Junius Avitus

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Ep. 8.23.1Omnia mihi studia, omnēs cūrās, omnia āvocāmenta exēmit excussit ēripuit dolor, quem ex morte Iūnī Avītī gravissimum cēpī.All my studies, all my cares, all my diversions have been taken away, shaken off, snatched from me by grief, the very heavy grief I have felt at the death of Junius Avitus. Ep. 8.23.2Lātum clāvum in domō meā induerat, suffrāgiō meō adiūtus in petendīs honōribus fuerat;He had put on the broad stripe in my house, he had been helped by my vote in seeking office; Ep. 8.23.2ad hoc ita mē dīligēbat, ita verēbātur, ut mē fōrmātōre mōrum, mē quasi magistrō ūterētur.besides this, he so loved me, so respected me, that he treated me as the shaper of his character, as his teacher, so to speak. Ep. 8.23.3Rārum hoc in adulēscentibus nostrīs.This is rare among our young men. Ep. 8.23.3Nam quotus quisque vel aetātī alterīus vel auctōritātī ut minor cēdit?For how few of them yield, as the junior, to another's age or authority? Ep. 8.23.3Statim sapiunt, statim sciunt omnia, nēminem verentur, nēminem imitantur, atque ipsī sibi exempla sunt.At once they are wise, at once they know everything, they respect no one, imitate no one, and are their own examples.

Ep. 8.23.3Sed nōn Avītus, cuius haec praecipua prūdentia, quod aliōs prūdentiōrēs arbitrābātur, haec praecipua ērudītiō quod discere volēbat.But not Avitus, whose chief wisdom was this, that he thought others wiser, his chief learning this, that he wished to learn. Ep. 8.23.4Semper ille aut dē studiīs aliquid aut dē officiīs vītae cōnsulēbat, semper ita recēdēbat ut melior factus;He was always consulting about something either in literature or in the duties of life, always going away as one made better; Ep. 8.23.4et erat factus vel eō quod audierat, vel quod omnīnō quaesierat.and he had been made better, either by what he had heard or by the very fact that he had asked. Ep. 8.23.5Quod ille obsequium Serviānō exāctissimō virō praestitit!What deference he showed to Servianus, a most exacting man! Ep. 8.23.5quem lēgātum tribūnus ita et intellēxit et cēpit, ut ex Germāniā in Pannoniam trānseuntem nōn ut commīlitō sed ut comes assectātorque sequerētur.whom, when Servianus was legate and he a tribune, he so understood and won over that, when Servianus was moving from Germany to Pannonia, he followed him not as a fellow soldier but as a companion and attendant.

Ep. 8.23.5Quā industriā quā modestiā quaestor, cōnsulibus suīs - et plūrēs habuit - nōn minus iūcundus et grātus quam ūtilis fuit!With what diligence, what modesty, as quaestor, was he no less pleasant and welcome than useful to his consuls — and he served several! Ep. 8.23.5Quō discursū, quā vigilantiā hanc ipsam aedīlitātem cui praereptus est petiit!With what running about, what vigilance did he canvass for this very aedileship from which he has been snatched away! Ep. 8.23.5Quod vel maximē dolōrem meum exulcerat.This is what most of all inflames my grief. Ep. 8.23.6Obversantur oculīs cassī labōrēs, et īnfrūctuōsae precēs, et honor quem meruit tantum;Before my eyes there hover his wasted labours, his fruitless canvassing, and the office he only deserved; Ep. 8.23.6redit animō ille lātus clāvus in penātibus meīs sūmptus, redeunt illa prīma illa postrēma suffrāgia mea, illī sermōnēs illae cōnsultātiōnēs.there comes back to my mind that broad stripe assumed in my home, there come back those first and those last votes of mine, those conversations, those consultations. Ep. 8.23.7Afficior adulēscentiā ipsīus, afficior necessitūdinum cāsū.I am moved by his youth, moved by the misfortune of his family.

Ep. 8.23.7Erat illī grandis nātū parēns, erat uxor quam ante annum virginem accēperat, erat fīlia quam paulō ante sustulerat.He had an aged mother, he had a wife whom he had married a year before as a girl, he had a daughter whom he had lately acknowledged. Ep. 8.23.7Tot spēs tot gaudia diēs ūnus in dīversa convertit.One day has turned so many hopes, so many joys, into their opposites. Ep. 8.23.8Modo dēsignātus aedīlis, recēns marītus recēns pater intāctum honōrem, orbam mātrem, viduam uxōrem, fīliam pūpillam ignāram patris relīquit: Accēdit lacrimīs meīs quod absēns et impendentis malī nescius, pariter aegrum pariter dēcessisse cognōvī, nē gravissimō dolōrī timōre cōnsuēscerem.Just elected aedile, newly a husband, newly a father, he has left his office untouched, his mother childless, his wife a widow, his daughter an orphan who never knew her father: It adds to my tears that, being away and unaware of the impending blow, I learnt at one and the same time that he had been ill and that he had died, so that I could not grow used to the bitterest grief through fear.

Ep. 8.23.8In tantīs tormentīs eram cum scrīberem haec ut haec scrīberem sōla;I was in such torment when I wrote this that this was all I could write; Ep. 8.23.8neque enim nunc aliud aut cōgitāre aut loquī possum.for I can neither think nor speak of anything else now. Ep. 8.23.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (191 words)
omnis, -eall, every
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
āvocāmentum, -ī n.distraction, diversion, recreation
eximō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake away, remove; use up (a day)
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mors, mortīs, f.death
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
clāvus, -ī m.nail, spike
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
honor, -ōris, m.honor
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fōrmātor, -ōris m.one who shapes, trainer, guide
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
quasi, conj.as if
magister, -trī, m.master
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
noster, -tra, -trumour
nam, conj.for
quotus, -a, -umwhich in number, how many; quotus quisque: how few, scarcely anyone
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
velor; vel … vel: either … or
aetās, -tātis, f.age
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
sapiō, -ere, -īvībe wise, have sense
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
imitor, -ārī, -ātus sumcopy, imitate
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
sed, conj.but
nōn, adv.not
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
quod, conj.that, in that, because
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prūdēns, -entissensible, shrewd, wise
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
ērudītiō, -ōnis f.learning, scholarship
discō, discere, didicīlearn
volō, velle, voluīwish
semper, adv.always
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
vīta, -ae, f.life
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
bonus, -a, -umgood
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
obsequium, -ī n.compliance, obedience; service (to a god): obsequium praestāre Deō
exāctus, -a, -umprecise, exact, accurate; (comp.) more skilled
vir, virī, m.man
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
commīlitō, -ōnis m.fellow soldier, comrade
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
assectātor (adsectātor), -ōris m.follower, disciple, attendant
que, enclitic conj.and
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
quaestor, -ōris m.quaestor, a Roman official in charge of an army's funds
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
minus, comp. adv.less
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
discursus, -ūs m.running about; a darting movement
vigilantia, -ae f.wakefulness; watchfulness, vigilance
aedīlitās, -ātis f.the aedileship, the office of aedile
praeripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch away first, snatch from (+ dat.)
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
exulcerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake sore, aggravate, inflame (grief)
obversor, -ārī, -ātus sumhover before (the eyes or mind)
oculus, -ī, m.eye
cassus, -a, -umempty; deprived of (+ abl.); cassus lūmine: dead
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
īnfrūctuōsus, -a, -umunprofitable, fruitless
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
postrēmus, -a, -umlast
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
cōnsultātiō, -ōnis f.consultation, deliberation
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
necessitūdō, -inis f.close tie, relationship
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
grandis, -elarge, big
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
annus, -ī, m.year
virgō, virginis, f.maiden
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
tot (indecl.)so many
spēs, speī, f.hope
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
modo, adv.only
dēsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpoint out, refer to
aedīlis, -is m.aedile, a magistrate in charge of public buildings, markets and games
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
marītus, -ī, m.husband
pater, patris, m.father
intāctus, -a, -umuntouched, unharmed
orbus, -a, -umbereaved, orphaned, childless
māter, mātris, f.mother
vidua, -ae f.widow
pūpilla, -ae f.orphan girl, ward; pupil of the eye
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
absēns, -entisabsent, away
impendeō, -ērehang over, overhang
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
nescius, -a, -umnot knowing, ignorant (of: gen.)
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
timor, -ōris, m.fear
cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
tormentum, -ī n.artillery, siege engine
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
sōlus, -a, -umalone
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
nunc, adv.now
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VIII. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.