LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Pliny the Younger › Letters, Book 8 › Pliny, Letter 8.21

Pliny · Epistulae VIII

Pliny, Letter 8.21

A two-day reading of light verse

English onlyRead it word by word

Ep. 8.21.1Ut in vītā sīc in studiīs pulcherrimum et hūmānissimum exīstimō sevēritātem cōmitātemque miscēre, nē illa in trīstitiam, haec in petulantiam excēdat.As in life, so in literature, I think it most admirable and most humane to mix seriousness and good humour, so that the one does not pass into gloom, the other into impudence. Ep. 8.21.2Quā ratiōne ductus graviōra opera lūsibus iocīsque distinguō.Guided by this principle, I intersperse my weightier works with playful and humorous pieces. Ep. 8.21.2Ad hōs prōferendōs et tempus et locum opportūnissimum ēlēgī, utque iam nunc assuēscerent et ab ōtiōsīs et in triclīniō audīrī, Iūliō mēnse, quō maximē lītēs interquiēscunt, positīs ante lectōs cathedrīs amīcōs collocāvī.To present these I chose a most suitable time and place, and so that they might grow used even now to being heard by people at leisure and in the dining room, in the month of July, when lawsuits are most at rest, I seated my friends on chairs placed before the couches. Ep. 8.21.3Forte accidit ut eōdem diē māne in advocātiōnem subitam rogārer, quod mihi causam praeloquendī dedit.It happened by chance that on the morning of that same day I was asked to act as advocate at short notice, which gave me a reason for some introductory words.

Ep. 8.21.3Sum enim dēprecātus, nē quis ut irreverentem operis argueret, quod recitātūrus, quamquam et amīcīs et paucīs, id est iterum amīcīs, forō et negōtiīs nōn abstinuissem.For I begged that no one should accuse me of disrespect for my work because, when about to give a reading, though to friends and few of them, that is, friends again, I had not kept away from the forum and business. Ep. 8.21.3Addidī hunc ōrdinem mē et in scrībendō sequī, ut necessitātēs voluptātibus, sēria iūcundīs anteferrem, ac prīmum amīcīs tum mihi scrīberem.I added that I followed this order in my writing too, putting necessities before pleasures, serious things before pleasant ones, and writing first for my friends and then for myself. Ep. 8.21.4Liber fuit et opusculīs varius et metrīs.The book was varied both in its little pieces and in its metres. Ep. 8.21.4Ita solēmus, quī ingeniō parum fīdimus, satietātis perīculum fugere.This is what we usually do, we who have little confidence in our talent, to escape the danger of boring people. Ep. 8.21.4Recitāvī bīduō.I read for two days.

Ep. 8.21.4Hoc assēnsus audientium exēgit;The approval of my audience demanded this; Ep. 8.21.4et tamen ut aliī trānseunt quaedam imputantque quod trānseant, sīc ego nihil praetereō atque etiam nōn praeterīre mē dīcō.and yet, while others skip certain passages and take credit for skipping them, I leave nothing out, and indeed I say that I leave nothing out. Ep. 8.21.4Legō enim omnia ut omnia ēmendem, quod contingere nōn potest ēlēcta recitantibus.For I read everything so that I may correct everything, which cannot happen for those who read selections. Ep. 8.21.5At illud modestius et fortasse reverentius;But that, you may say, is more modest and perhaps more respectful; Ep. 8.21.5sed hoc simplicius et amantius.but this is more candid and more affectionate. Ep. 8.21.5Amat enim quī sē sīc amārī putat, ut taedium nōn pertimēscat;For a man shows love who thinks himself so loved that he does not fear causing boredom; Ep. 8.21.5et aliōquī quid praestant sodālēs, sī conveniunt voluptātis suae causā?and besides, what use are companions if they come together for their own pleasure? Ep. 8.21.5Dēlicātus ac similis ignōtō est, quī amīcī librum bonum māvult audīre quam facere.A man is fastidious and like a stranger who would rather hear a friend's book when it is good than make it good.

Ep. 8.21.6Nōn dubitō cupere tē prō cēterā meī cāritāte quam mātūrissimē legere hunc adhūc musteum librum.I do not doubt that, with your affection for me in other things, you want to read this still unfermented book as soon as possible. Ep. 8.21.6Legēs, sed retractātum, quae causa recitandī fuit;You shall read it, but revised, which was the reason for the reading; Ep. 8.21.6et tamen nōn nūlla iam ex eō nōstī.and yet you already know some parts of it. Ep. 8.21.6Haec ēmendāta posteā vel, quod interdum longiōre morā solet, dēteriōra facta quasi nova rūrsus et rescrīpta cognōscēs.These, corrected afterwards or, as sometimes happens after too long a delay, made worse, you will get to know as if new and rewritten. Ep. 8.21.6Nam plērīsque mūtātīs ea quoque mūtāta videntur, quae manent.For when most things have been changed, even those that remain seem changed. Ep. 8.21.6Valē.Farewell.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×4, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (177 words)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vīta, -ae, f.life
sīc, adv.so, thus
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
que, enclitic conj.and
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
trīstitia, -ae, f.sadness
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
petulantia, -ae f.insolence, wantonness
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
opus, operis, n.work, task
lūsus, -ūs m.play, game, sport
iocus, -ī m.joke, jest
distinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusseparate, divide; distinguish
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
iam, adv.now, already
nunc, adv.now
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ōtiōsus, -a, -umat leisure, quiet; as noun: a peaceful citizen
triclīnium, -ī n.dining couch (for three); dining room
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
Iūlius, -a, -umof Julius, Julian; lēx Iūlia: a law carried by C. Julius Caesar
mēnsis, -is m.month
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
līs, lītis f.lawsuit, dispute; damages
interquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvīpause, rest awhile
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
lectus, -ī m.bed, couch
cathedra, -ae f.chair, seat; seat of honour
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
māne, adv.in the morning, early in the morning
advocātiō, -ōnis f.a body of supporters in court; legal assistance, advocacy, a case pleaded
subitus, -a, -umsudden
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
praeloquor, -loquī, -locūtus sumspeak first, say beforehand, preface
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
dēprecor, -ārī, -ātus sumbeg to be spared, plead
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
irreverēns, -entisdisrespectful, irreverent
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
quod, conj.that, in that, because
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
quamquam, conj.however much, although
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
iterum, adv.again, a second time
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
nōn, adv.not
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
sērius, -a, -umserious; (n. pl. as noun) serious matters
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
anteferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry in front; prefer, rank above
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
tum, adv.then, at that time
liber, librī m.book; record
opusculum, -ī n.little work, short piece of writing
varius, -a, -umvarious
metrum, -ī n.metre, verse
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
satietās, -ātis f.fullness, satiety; weariness, disgust
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
bīduum, -ī n.two days
assēnsus (adsēnsus), -ūs m.agreement, approval, assent
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
imputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscharge to someone's account; claim credit for (a favour)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
omnis, -eall, every
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
at, conj.but
modestus, -a, -ummoderate, restrained, modest
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
reverēns, -entisrespectful, reverent
sed, conj.but
simplex, -icissimple, unmixed, pure
amāns, -antisloving, fond, devoted (to: gen.)
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
taedium, -ī n.weariness, disgust
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
aliōquī (adv.)otherwise; in other respects
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
sodālis, -is m.companion, crony
sī, conj.if
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
bonus, -a, -umgood
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
musteus, -a, -umfresh, new (like new wine), just finished
retractō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle again, touch again
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
velor; vel … vel: either … or
interdum (adv.)sometimes
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
mora, -ae, f.delay
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
quasi, conj.as if
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
rūrsus, adv.again
rescrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumwrite again; transfer, enrol (in another unit)
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nam, conj.for
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
quoque, adv.also
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VIII. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.