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Pliny · Epistulae VIII

Pliny, Letter 8.17

Storms and floods around Rome

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Ep. 8.17.1Num istīc quoque immīte et turbidum caelum?Is the weather harsh and stormy there too? Ep. 8.17.1Hīc assiduae tempestātēs et crēbra dīluvia.Here there are constant storms and frequent floods. Ep. 8.17.1Tiberis alveum excessit et dēmissiōribus rīpīs altē superfunditur;The Tiber has left its bed and pours deep over its lower banks; Ep. 8.17.2quamquam fossā quam prōvidentissimus imperātor fēcit exhaustus, premit vallēs, innatat campīs, quāquē plānum sōlum, prō solō cernitur.although drained by the channel which our most provident emperor made, it fills the valleys, flows over the plains, and wherever the ground is level, it is seen in place of the ground. Ep. 8.17.2Inde quae solet flūmina accipere et permixta dēvehere, velut obvius retrō cōgit, atque ita aliēnīs aquīs operit agrōs, quōs ipse nōn tangit.Then, as if going to meet the rivers which it usually receives and carries down mingled with itself, it forces them back, and so covers with other waters fields which it does not touch itself. Ep. 8.17.3Aniō, dēlicātissimus amnium ideōque adiacentibus vīllīs velut invītātus retentusque, magnā ex parte nemora quibus inumbrātur frēgit et rapuit;The Anio, the most delightful of streams and therefore, as it were, invited and detained by the villas lying beside it, has for the most part broken and swept away the woods by which it is shaded; Ep. 8.17.3subruit montēs, et dēcidentium mōle plūribus locīs clausus, dum āmissum iter quaerit, impulit tēcta ac sē super ruīnās ēiēcit atque extulit.it has undermined hills, and, blocked in several places by the mass of what has fallen, while seeking its lost course it has battered down buildings and thrown itself out and risen over the ruins.

Ep. 8.17.4Vīdērunt quōs excelsiōribus terrīs illa tempestās dēprehendit, alibī dīvitum apparātūs et gravem supellectilem, alibī īnstrūmenta rūris, ibi bovēs arātra rēctōrēs, hīc solūta et lībera armenta, atque inter haec arborum truncōs aut vīllārum trabēs atque culmina variē lātēque fluitantia.Those whom the storm caught on higher ground saw, in one place the furnishings of the rich and heavy furniture, in another farm implements, here oxen, ploughs and ploughmen, there herds loosed and free, and among these the trunks of trees or the beams and roofs of villas floating here and there far and wide. Ep. 8.17.5Ac nē illa quidem malō vacāvērunt, ad quae nōn ascendit amnis.Nor were even those places free from harm to which the river did not rise. Ep. 8.17.5Nam prō amne imber assiduus et dēiectī nūbibus turbinēs, prōruta opera quibus pretiōsa rūra cinguntur, quassāta atque etiam dēcussa monumenta.For instead of the river there was incessant rain and whirlwinds hurled down from the clouds, the walls with which valuable estates are enclosed were thrown down, and monuments were shaken and even toppled. Ep. 8.17.5Multī eius modī cāsibus dēbilitātī obrutī obtrītī, et aucta lūctibus damna.Many people were maimed, overwhelmed and crushed by mishaps of this kind, and losses were increased by bereavements.

Ep. 8.17.6Nē quid simile istīc, prō mēnsūrā perīculī vereor, tēque rogō, sī nihil tāle, quam mātūrissimē sollicitūdinī meae cōnsulās, sed et sī tāle, id quoque nūntiēs.I fear, in proportion to the danger, that something similar may have happened there, and I ask you, if nothing of the kind has, to relieve my anxiety as soon as possible, but if it has, to send me word of that too. Ep. 8.17.6Nam parvolum differt, patiāris adversa an exspectēs;For it makes very little difference whether you suffer misfortune or await it; Ep. 8.17.6nisi quod tamen est dolendī modus, nōn est timendī.except that there is a limit to grief, but none to fear. Ep. 8.17.6Doleās enim quantum sciās accidisse, timeās quantum possit accidere.For you grieve as much as you know has happened, but fear as much as can happen. Ep. 8.17.6Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (179 words)
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
istīc (adv.)there, where you are
quoque, adv.also
immītis, -eharsh, pitiless
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
turbidus, -a, -umstormy, wild, confused
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
dīluvium, -ī n.flood, deluge
alveus, -ī m.hollow vessel; trough, tub; river bed
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
dēmissus, -a, -umdowncast, dejected
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
altē (adv.)high; deep
superfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over
quamquam, conj.however much, although
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prōvidēns, -entisfar-sighted, prudent
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustusdrink up or off, drain
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
vallis, -is, f.valley
innatō, -āre, -āvīswim in or on, float on
campus, -ī, m.plain, field
quā, adv.in which place, where
plānus, -a, -umflat, level
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
inde (adv.)from there; then
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
flūmen, -minis, n.river
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
permisceō, -miscēre, -miscuī, -mixtusmix together, mingle
dēvehō, -ere, dēvēxī, dēvectumcarry down, carry off
veluteven or just as, as
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
aqua, -ae, f.water
operiō, -īre, -uī, -ertuscover
ager, agri, m.field, land
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nōn, adv.not
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
amnis, -is m.river
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
que, enclitic conj.and
adiaceō, -ēre, -uīlie next to, border on
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
invītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusinvite
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
nemus, -oris n.grove, wood
inumbrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshade, overshadow
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
subruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutumundermine, dig under
mōns, montis, m.mountain
dēcidō, -cidere, -cidīfall down
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
ruīna, -ae f.fall, collapse, ruin
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
excelsus, -a, -umhigh, tall
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
alibī (adv.)elsewhere; alius alibi: some in one place, some in another
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
apparātus, -ūs m.preparation; display, splendour
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
supellex, -lectilis f.household furniture, equipment, utensils
īnstrūmentum, -ī n.tool, equipment; pl. gear, baggage
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
ibi, adv.in that place, there
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
arātrum, -ī n.plough
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
līber, lībera, līberumfree
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
arbor, -oris, f.tree
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
trabs, trabis f.beam
culmen, -inis n.top, summit
variē (adv.)in different ways, variously
lātēwidely
fluitō, -āre, -āvīfloat, drift
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
vacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbe empty, be unoccupied
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
nam, conj.for
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
nūbēs, -is, f.cloud
turbō, turbinis, m.whirlwind, hurricane
prōruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutumthrow down, demolish
opus, operis, n.work, task
pretiōsus, -a, -umcostly, precious
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctussurround, gird
quassō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshake, batter
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dēcutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, strike off, knock down
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
obterō, -terere, -trīvī, -trītustrample, crush
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
lūctus, -ūs m.grief, mourning
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
mēnsūra, -ae f.measurement, measure
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
sī, conj.if
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tālis, -esuch
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
sollicitūdō, -tūdinis, f.anxiety, care, apprehension
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
sed, conj.but
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
parvulus, -a, -umvery small, petty
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
an, conj.or (in questions)
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quod, conj.that, in that, because
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
enim, conj.for
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VIII. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.