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Pliny · Epistulae VI

Pliny, Letter 6.2

Regulus and the shrinking water-clock

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Ep. 6.2.1Soleō nōn numquam in iūdiciīs quaerere M. Rēgulum;Sometimes in the courts I look round for Marcus Regulus; Ep. 6.2.1nōlō enim dīcere dēsīderāre.for I am unwilling to say that I miss him. Ep. 6.2.2Cūr ergō quaerō?Why, then, do I look for him? Ep. 6.2.2Habēbat studiīs honōrem, timēbat pallēbat scrībēbat, quamvīs nōn posset ēdiscere.He held oratory in honour; he was anxious, he went pale, he wrote his speeches out, although he could not learn them by heart. Ep. 6.2.2Illud ipsum, quod oculum modo dextrum modo sinistrum circumlinēbat - dextrum sī ā petītōre, alterum sī ā possessōre esset āctūrus -, quod candidum splēnium in hoc aut in illud supercilium trānsferēbat, quod semper haruspicēs cōnsulēbat dē āctiōnis ēventū, ā nimiā superstitiōne sed tamen et ā magnō studiōrum honōre veniēbat.That very habit of his, of painting round now his right eye, now his left — the right if he was going to plead for a plaintiff, the other if for a defendant — of shifting a white patch now to this eyebrow, now to that, of always consulting soothsayers about the outcome of a case, came from excessive superstition, but also from a great regard for oratory.

Ep. 6.2.3Iam illa perquam iūcunda ūnā dīcentibus, quod lībera tempora petēbat, quod audītūrōs corrogābat.Then there were things most pleasant for those who spoke with him: that he asked for unlimited time, that he gathered an audience. Ep. 6.2.3Quid enim iūcundius quam sub alterīus invidiā quamdiū velīs, et in aliēnō audītōriō quasi dēprehēnsum commodē dīcere?For what is more pleasant than to speak at your ease for as long as you like, with the odium falling on another, and before someone else's audience, as if caught there by surprise? Ep. 6.2.4Sed utcumque sē habent ista, bene fēcit Rēgulus quod est mortuus: melius, sī ante.But however that may be, Regulus did well to die: better, if he had done it sooner. Ep. 6.2.4Nunc enim sānē poterat sine malō pūblicō vīvere, sub eō prīncipe sub quō nocēre nōn poterat.For now he could certainly have lived without harm to the state, under a prince under whom he could do no harm. Ep. 6.2.5Ideō fās est nōn numquam eum quaerere.So it is permissible sometimes to miss him. Ep. 6.2.5Nam, postquam obiit ille, incrēbruit passim et invaluit cōnsuētūdō bīnās vel singulās clepsydrās, interdum etiam dīmidiās et dandī et petendī.For since he died the custom has spread everywhere and grown strong of both granting and asking for two water-clocks, or one, sometimes even half of one.

Ep. 6.2.5Nam et quī dīcunt, ēgisse mālunt quam agere, et quī audiunt, fīnīre quam iūdicāre.For those who speak would rather have pleaded than plead, and those who listen would rather finish than judge. Ep. 6.2.5Tanta neglegentia tanta dēsidia, tanta dēnique irreverentia studiōrum perīculōrumque est.So great is the carelessness, so great the idleness, so great, in short, the disrespect for oratory and for the risks of the accused. Ep. 6.2.6An nōs sapientiōrēs maiōribus nostrīs, nōs lēgibus ipsīs iūstiōrēs, quae tot hōrās tot diēs tot comperendinātiōnēs largiuntur?Are we wiser than our ancestors, are we more just than the very laws, which grant so many hours, so many days, so many adjournments? Ep. 6.2.6Hebetēs illī et suprā modum tardī;They, no doubt, were dull and slow beyond measure; Ep. 6.2.6nōs apertius dīcimus, celerius intellegimus, religiōsius iūdicāmus, quia pauciōribus clepsydrīs praecipitāmus causās quam diēbus explicārī solēbant.we speak more clearly, understand more quickly, judge more scrupulously, because we rush through cases in fewer water-clocks than they used to be unfolded in days. Ep. 6.2.7Ō Rēgule, quī ambitiōne ab omnibus obtinēbās quod fideī paucissimī praestant!O Regulus, you who by your self-seeking won from everyone what very few grant to good faith!

Ep. 6.2.7Equidem quotiēns iūdicō, quod vel saepius faciō quam dīcō, quantum quis plūrimum postulat aquae dō.For my part, whenever I sit as judge, which I do even more often than I speak, I give as much water as anyone asks for. Ep. 6.2.8Etenim temerārium exīstimō dīvīnāre quam spatiōsa sit causa inaudīta, tempusque negōtiō fīnīre cuius modum ignōrēs, praesertim cum prīmam religiōnī suae iūdex patientiam dēbeat, quae pars magna iūstitiae est.For I think it rash to guess how long a case is before it has been heard, and to set a time limit to business whose extent you do not know, especially since the first thing a judge owes to his oath is patience, which is a great part of justice. Ep. 6.2.8At quaedam supervacua dīcuntur.But some superfluous things are said. Ep. 6.2.8Etiam: sed satius est et haec dīcī quam nōn dīcī necessāria.Yes: but it is better that these too should be said than that necessary things should not be said. Ep. 6.2.9Praetereā, an sint supervacua, nisi cum audierīs scīre nōn possīs.Besides, whether they are superfluous you cannot know until you have heard them.

Ep. 6.2.9Sed dē hīs melius cōram ut dē plūribus vitiīs cīvitātis.But of these things better face to face, as of many faults of our state. Ep. 6.2.9Nam tū quoque amōre commūnium solēs ēmendārī cupere quae iam corrigere difficile est.For you too, out of love for the common good, are accustomed to wish that things should be mended which it is now hard to correct. Ep. 6.2.10Nunc respiciāmus domōs nostrās.Now let us look back at our own homes. Ep. 6.2.10Ecquid omnia in tuā rēctē?Is all well in yours? Ep. 6.2.10in meā novī nihil.In mine there is nothing new. Ep. 6.2.10Mihi autem et grātiōra sunt bona quod persevērant, et leviōra incommoda quod assuēvī.But to me the blessings are the more welcome because they last, and the troubles the lighter because I have grown used to them. Ep. 6.2.10Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (214 words)
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
nōn, adv.not
numquam, adv.never
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
enim, conj.for
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
cūr, adv.why
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
honor, -ōris, m.honor
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
palleō, -ēre, -uībe pale
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ēdiscō, -ere, ēdidicīlearn by heart
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quod, conj.that, in that, because
oculus, -ī, m.eye
modo, adv.only
dexter, -tra, -trumright
sinister, -tra, -trumleft
circumlinō, -ere, —, -litussmear all round, coat
sī, conj.if
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
petītor, -ōris m.candidate (for office)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
possessor, -ōris m.owner, occupier (of land or property)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
candidus, -a, -umshining white, bright
splēnium, -ī n.patch (worn on the face)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
supercilium, -ī n.eyebrow; a frown, a nod
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
semper, adv.always
haruspex, -icis m.soothsayer who read the will of the gods from the entrails of sacrifices
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
superstitiō, -ōnis f.superstition, irrational religious fear
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
iam, adv.now, already
perquam (adv.)extremely, very much
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
ūnātogether, along
līber, lībera, līberumfree
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
corrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscollect by asking, raise (money)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
quamdiū (adv., conj.)how long; as long as
volō, velle, voluīwish
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
audītōrium, -ī n.audience hall, lecture room; audience
quasi, conj.as if
dēprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsuscatch, seize, overtake; detect
commodē (adv.)conveniently, easily, well
utcumque (adv., conj.)however, in whatever way
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
bene, adv.well; successfully
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
morior, morī, mortuusdie
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
nunc, adv.now
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
sine, prep. with abl.without
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
nam, conj.for
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
incrēbrēscō, -ere, -bruīgrow stronger, increase
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
invalēscō, -ere, -valuīgrow strong, increase in strength
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
velor; vel … vel: either … or
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
clepsydra, -ae f.water-clock; a measured allowance of speaking time in court
interdum (adv.)sometimes
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dīmidius, -a, -umhalf
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
neglegentia, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
dēsidia, -ae f.idleness, sloth
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
irreverentia, -ae f.disrespect
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
que, enclitic conj.and
an, conj.or (in questions)
nōsplur. of ego
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
noster, -tra, -trumour
lēx, lēgis f.law
iūstus, -a, -umjust
tot (indecl.)so many
hōra, -ae, f.hour
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
comperendinātiō, -ōnis f.adjournment of a trial; second hearing
largior, -īrī, -ītus sumgive generously, bribe
hebes, -etisblunt, dull
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
tardus, -a, -umslow
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
religiōsē (adv.)scrupulously, conscientiously; devoutly, reverently
quia (conj.)because
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
ō (interj.)O! oh!
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
omnis, -eall, every
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
saepe, adv.often, frequently
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
aqua, -ae, f.water
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
temerārius, -a, -umrash, reckless
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
dīvīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusforetell, prophesy, divine; tell fortunes
spatiōsus, -a, -umroomy, spacious
inaudītus, -a, -umunheard of, new, strange
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
praesertim (adv.)especially
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
at, conj.but
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
supervacuus, -a, -umsuperfluous, unnecessary, needless
satius, comp. (n.)better, preferable (satius est: it is better)
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
nisi, conj.if not, unless
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quoque, adv.also
amor, -ōris, m.love
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusstraighten, set right, reform
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
ecquid (adv.)at all? (introducing an eager question: 'do you at all ...?')
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
persevērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpersist
levis, -elight, slight
incommodum, -ī, n.inconvenience
assuēscō, -ere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed, get used to
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae VI. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.