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Pliny · Epistulae IV

Pliny, Letter 4.2

Regulus mourns his son

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Ep. 4.2.1Rēgulus fīlium āmīsit, hōc ūnō malō indignus, quod nesciō an malum putet.Regulus has lost his son, the one misfortune he did not deserve, because I am not sure he thinks it a misfortune. Ep. 4.2.1Erat puer ācris ingeniī sed ambiguī, quī tamen posset rēcta sectārī, sī patrem nōn referret.The boy had a keen but uncertain character, yet one that might still have followed the right path, if he had not taken after his father. Ep. 4.2.2Hunc Rēgulus ēmancipāvit, ut hērēs mātris exsisteret;Regulus freed him from his paternal power so that he might become his mother's heir; Ep. 4.2.2mancipātum - ita vulgō ex mōribus hominis loquēbantur - foedā et īnsolitā parentibus indulgentiae simulātiōne captābat.and once the boy was 'made over to him' — so people commonly put it, judging by the man's character — he courted him for his legacy with a pretence of indulgence that was foul and unheard-of in a parent. Ep. 4.2.2Incrēdibile, sed Rēgulum cōgitā.Incredible, but think of Regulus. Ep. 4.2.3Āmissum tamen lūget īnsāne.Yet now that he has lost him he mourns like a madman.

Ep. 4.2.3Habēbat puer mannulōs multōs et iūnctōs et solūtōs, habēbat canēs maiōrēs minōrēsque, habēbat lusciniās psittacōs merulās: omnēs Rēgulus circā rogum trucīdāvit.The boy had many ponies, both in harness and unbroken, he had dogs large and small, he had nightingales, parrots, blackbirds: Regulus slaughtered them all around the pyre. Ep. 4.2.4Nec dolor erat ille, sed ostentātiō dolōris.Nor was that grief, but a display of grief. Ep. 4.2.4Convenītur ad eum mīrā celebritāte.People flock to him in astonishing numbers. Ep. 4.2.4Cūnctī dētestantur ōdērunt, et quasi probent quasi dīligant, cursant frequentant, utque breviter quod sentiō ēnūntiem, in Rēgulō dēmerendō Rēgulum imitantur.All loathe and hate him, and yet, as if they approved of him, as if they loved him, they run to him and crowd round him, and, to put what I feel in a word, in winning the favour of Regulus they imitate Regulus. Ep. 4.2.5Tenet sē trāns Tiberim in hortīs, in quibus lātissimum sōlum porticibus immēnsīs, rīpam statuīs suīs occupāvit, ut est in summā avāritiā sūmptuōsus, in summā īnfāmiā glōriōsus.He keeps himself across the Tiber in his gardens, where he has covered a vast stretch of ground with immense colonnades and the riverbank with statues of himself, for he is lavish amid the greatest avarice and vainglorious amid the greatest infamy.

Ep. 4.2.6Vexat ergō cīvitātem īnsalūberrimō tempore et, quod vexat, sōlācium putat.So he is harassing the whole city at the unhealthiest season of the year, and thinks the harassing a consolation. Ep. 4.2.6Dīcit sē velle dūcere uxōrem, hoc quoque sīcut alia perversē.He says he wants to take a wife, doing this too, like everything else, perversely. Ep. 4.2.7Audiēs brevī nūptiās lūgentis nūptiās senis;You will soon hear of the wedding of a mourner, the wedding of an old man; Ep. 4.2.7quōrum alterum immātūrum alterum sērum est.of which the one is too early, the other too late. Ep. 4.2.7Unde hoc augurer quaeris?You ask how I divine this? Ep. 4.2.8Nōn quia affirmat ipse, quō mendācius nihil est, sed quia certum est Rēgulum esse factūrum, quidquid fierī nōn oportet.Not because he says so himself, for nothing is more untruthful than he, but because it is certain that Regulus will do whatever ought not to be done. Ep. 4.2.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (139 words)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
an, conj.or (in questions)
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
puer, puerī, m.boy
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
sed, conj.but
ambiguus, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain; in ambiguō: in doubt
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
sector, -ārī, -ātus sumkeep following, chase after
sī, conj.if
pater, patris, m.father
nōn, adv.not
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
ēmancipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrelease (a son) from paternal power; transfer, make over; give up
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
hērēs (haerēs), -ēdis m.heir
māter, mātris, f.mother
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
mancipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustransfer, make over; enslave, give up (to)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
homō, hominis, m.man
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
indulgentia, -ae f.kindness, indulgence, favour
simulātiō, -ōnis f.pretence
captō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry to catch, grasp at, aim at
incrēdibilis, eincredible
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
lūgeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctusmourn, grieve for
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
mannulus, -ī m.pony
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
que, enclitic conj.and
luscinia, -ae f.nightingale
psittacus, -ī m.parrot
merula, -ae f.blackbird
omnis, -eall, every
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
rogus, -ī, m.funeral pile, pyre
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ostentātiō, -ōnis f.display, show
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
celebritās, -ātis f.crowd; fame, renown
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall down curses on, curse
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
quasi, conj.as if
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
cursō, -ārerun about, run to and fro
frequentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvisit often; crowd, fill
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusspeak out, announce, make known
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
dēmereor, -ērī, -itus sumwin the favour of, oblige by service
imitor, -ārī, -ātus sumcopy, imitate
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
hortus, -ī, m.garden
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
immēnsus (inmēnsus), -a, -umimmeasurable, boundless, vast
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
statua, -ae f.statue
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
avāritia, -ae f.greed
sūmptuōsus, -a, -umcostly, lavish
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
glōriōsus, -a, -umglorious; boastful
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
īnsalūbris, -eunhealthy
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
volō, velle, voluīwish
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
quoque, adv.also
sīcut (conj.)just as
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
perversē (adv.)wrongly, perversely
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
brevis, -eshort
nūptiae, -ārum f. pl.wedding, marriage
senex, senis, m.old man
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
immātūrus, -a, -umunripe; too early, untimely
sērus, -a, -umlate
unde, adv.whence
auguror, -ārī, -ātus sumforetell; suppose, guess
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quia (conj.)because
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
mendāx, -ācislying; (as noun) a liar
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae IV. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.