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Pliny · Epistulae III

Pliny, Letter 3.14

Larcius Macedo attacked by slaves

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Ep. 3.14.1Rem atrōcem nec tantum epistulā dignam Larcius Macedō vir praetōrius ā servīs suīs passus est, superbus aliōquī dominus et saevus, et quī servīsse patrem suum parum, immō nimium meminisset.Larcius Macedo, a man of praetorian rank, has suffered at the hands of his slaves an atrocious thing, worthy of more than a letter, though he was in other respects a proud and cruel master, and one who remembered too little — or rather too much — that his father had been a slave. Ep. 3.14.2Lavābātur in vīllā Formiānā.He was bathing at his villa at Formiae. Ep. 3.14.2Repente eum servī circumsistunt.Suddenly his slaves surround him. Ep. 3.14.2Alius faucēs invādit, alius ōs verberat, alius pectus et ventrem, atque etiam - foedum dictū - verenda contundit;One goes for his throat, another strikes his face, another his chest and belly, and even — shameful to say — batters his private parts; Ep. 3.14.2et cum exanimem putārent, abiciunt in fervēns pavīmentum, ut experīrentur an vīveret.and when they thought him lifeless, they throw him on to the scalding floor, to find out whether he was alive.

Ep. 3.14.2Ille sīve quia nōn sentiēbat, sīve quia sē nōn sentīre simulābat, immōbilis et extentus fidem perāctae mortis implēvit.He, whether because he felt nothing or because he pretended not to feel, lying motionless and stretched out, made their belief that he was dead complete. Ep. 3.14.3Tum dēmum quasi aestū solūtus effertur;Only then is he carried out, as if overcome by the heat; Ep. 3.14.3excipiunt servī fidēliōrēs, concubīnae cum ululātū et clamōre concurrunt.the more faithful slaves take him up, and his concubines come running with wailing and shrieks. Ep. 3.14.3Ita et vōcibus excitātus et recreātus locī frīgore sublātīs oculīs agitātōque corpore vīvere sē - et iam tūtum erat - cōnfitētur.So, roused by their voices and revived by the coolness of the place, he opens his eyes, moves his body, and shows — by now it was safe — that he is alive. Ep. 3.14.4Diffugiunt servī;The slaves scatter in flight; Ep. 3.14.4quōrum magna pars comprehēnsa est, cēterī requīruntur.a great part of them have been caught, the rest are being hunted for. Ep. 3.14.4Ipse paucīs diēbus aegrē focilātus nōn sine ultiōnis sōlāciō dēcessit ita vīvus vindicātus, ut occīsī solent.He himself, kept alive with difficulty for a few days, died not without the consolation of revenge, avenged while still alive as murdered men usually are.

Ep. 3.14.5Vidēs quot perīculīs quot contumēliīs quot lūdibriīs sīmus obnoxiī;You see to how many dangers, how many insults, how many mockeries we are exposed; Ep. 3.14.5nec est quod quisquam possit esse sēcūrus, quia sit remissus et mītis;nor is there any reason why anyone should feel safe because he is lenient and gentle; Ep. 3.14.5nōn enim iūdiciō dominī sed scelere perimuntur.for masters are murdered not on a judgement of their character but out of sheer wickedness. Ep. 3.14.6Vērum haec hāctenus.But enough of this. Ep. 3.14.6Quid praetereā novī?What else is new? Ep. 3.14.6Quid?What? Ep. 3.14.6Nihil, aliōquī subiungerem;Nothing, otherwise I would add it; Ep. 3.14.6nam et charta adhūc superest, et diēs fēriātus patitur plūra contexī.for there is still paper left, and the holiday allows more to be woven in. Ep. 3.14.6Addam quod opportūnē dē eōdem Macedone succurrit.I will add something about the same Macedo that opportunely comes to mind. Ep. 3.14.6Cum in pūblicō Rōmae lavārētur, notābilis atque etiam, ut exitus docuit, ōminōsa rēs accidit.When he was bathing in a public bath at Rome, a remarkable and even, as the outcome showed, ominous thing happened.

Ep. 3.14.7Eques Rōmānus ā servō eius, ut trānsitum daret, manū leviter admonitus convertit sē nec servum, ā quō erat tāctus, sed ipsum Macedonem tam graviter palmā percussit ut paene concīderet.A Roman knight, lightly touched with the hand by his slave to make him give way, turned round and struck, not the slave who had touched him, but Macedo himself, so hard with the flat of his hand that he almost fell down. Ep. 3.14.8Ita balineum illī quasi per gradūs quōsdam prīmum contumēliae locus, deinde exitiī fuit.Thus the bath was for him, as if by certain stages, first the scene of insult, then of death. Ep. 3.14.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (179 words)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
epistula, -ae f.letter
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
vir, virī, m.man
praetōrius, -a, -umof the commander (praetōria cohors: bodyguard)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
aliōquī (adv.)otherwise; in other respects
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
serviō, -ire, -īvī, -ītusbe subject to, serve
pater, patris, m.father
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
nimium (adv.)too, too much
meminī, meminisseremember
lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautuswash; passive: bathe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
Formiānus, -a, -umof Formiae, a coastal town of Latium
repente (adv.)suddenly
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
circumsistō, -ere, circumstetīstand around, surround
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
faucēs, -ium f. pl.throat; narrow pass, gorge
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
verberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeat, flog
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
venter, ventris, m.belly
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
contundō, -ere, -tudī, -tūsumcrush, pound; subdue
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
exanimis, -elifeless; breathless, terrified
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
ferveō, -ēreboil; glow, burn
pavīmentum, -ī n.floor, pavement
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
an, conj.or (in questions)
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
quia (conj.)because
nōn, adv.not
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
immōbilis (inmōbilis), -emotionless, immovable
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
mors, mortīs, f.death
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
tum, adv.then, at that time
dēmum, adv.at last
quasi, conj.as if
aestus, -ūs m.heat; tide
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
fidēlis, -efaithful, loyal
concubīna, -ae f.concubine
cum, prep, with abl.with
ululātus, -ūs m.howling, yelling, war-cry
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
recreō, -creāre, -creāvī, -creātusmake anew, renew, refresh
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
frīgus, -oris n.cold
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
oculus, -ī, m.eye
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
que, enclitic conj.and
corpus, corporis, n.body
iam, adv.now, already
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgīscatter in flight, flee in all directions
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsusseize, catch
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
focilō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrevive, bring round (from a faint)
sine, prep. with abl.without
ultiō, -ōnis f.revenge, vengeance
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quot (indecl.)how many
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
contumēlia, -ae f.insult, outrage
lūdibrium, -ī n.mockery; a plaything, laughing-stock
obnoxius, -a, -umliable, exposed; indebted, under obligation (to: dat.)
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
enim, conj.for
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
sed, conj.but
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
perimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptusdestroy, kill
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
hāctenus (adv.)thus far, up to this point; so much (and no more)
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
subiungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusharness, yoke beneath; subject, subdue
nam, conj.for
charta, -ae f.sheet of papyrus, paper; (pl.) writings, volumes
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
fēriātus, -a, -umon holiday; diēs fēriātus: holiday
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
contexō, -ere, -texuī, -textusweave together, join, fasten
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
opportūnē (adv.)at the right moment, conveniently
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
succurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun to help, aid
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
notābilis, -enoteworthy, remarkable
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
ōminōsus, -a, -umominous, ill-boding
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
manus, -ūs, f.hand
leviter, adv.slightly
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
tam, adv.so
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
palma, -ae f.palm of the hand; flat spreading branch
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
paene, adv.almost, nearly
concīdō, -ere, concīdī, concīsumcut down, kill
balineum (balneum), -ī n.bath, bathroom
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
deinde, adv.then, next
exitium, -ī n.destruction, ruin
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae III. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.