| liber, librī m. | book; record |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| nūper, adv. | newly, lately, recently |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| grātia, -ae, f. | favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | look at closely, consider, think over |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| pulchritūdō, -inis f. | beauty |
| māteria, -ae f. | timber, material |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| difficultas, -tātis, f. | difficulty |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| enim, conj. | for |
| lēctor, -ōris m. | reader |
| novitās, -tātis, f. | newness, novelty |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| intentus, -a, -um | attentive, alert, watchful |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| nōtus, -a, -um | known, well-known, famous |
| vulgātus, -a, -um | commonly known, widespread |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| quasi, conj. | as if |
| ōtiōsus, -a, -um | at leisure, quiet; as noun: a peaceful citizen |
| sēcūrus, -a, -um | free from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.) |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| ēlocūtiō, -ōnis f. | style, expression, diction |
| vacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | be empty, be unoccupied |
| satisfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum (+ dat.) | satisfy; make amends, apologize |
| difficilis, -e | not easy, difficult |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| sōlus, -a, -um | alone |
| aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | value, reckon |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| utinam (adv.) | if only, would that (with subjunctive) |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| saltem (adv.) | at least |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| trānsitus, -ūs m. | crossing, passage |
| figūra, -ae, f. | form, shape, figure |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | look at or on |
| nam, conj. | for |
| inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come upon, find |
| praeclārē, adv. | splendidly, brilliantly, very well |
| ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātus | speak out, announce, make known |
| magnificē, adv. | splendidly |
| interdum (adv.) | sometimes |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| barbarus, -a, -um | barbarian |
| soleō, -ēre, solitus sum | be accustomed, usually do |
| dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum | station here and there, post |
| aptē (adv.) | fitly, suitably |
| figūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | shape, fashion, form |
| variē (adv.) | in different ways, variously |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| ērudītus, -a, -um | learned, educated, cultivated |
| negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | say no or not, deny, refuse |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| vērō, adv. | in truth, indeed; however |
| affectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | aim at, strive for (often the throne) |
| semper, adv. | always |
| efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātum | carry out, bring out |
| excelsus, -a, -um | high, tall |
| pictūra, -ae f. | painting, picture |
| lūmen, -minis, n. | light |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| umbra, -ae, f. | shadow, shade |
| commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | entrust, commit; recommend |
| ōrātiō, -ōnis, f. | speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak |
| tam, adv. | so |
| summittō (submittō), -ere, -mīsī, -missus | lower, let down; send up, supply |
| attollō, -ere | lift up, raise |
| decet, decēre, decuit (impers.) | it is fitting, it is proper |
| sed, conj. | but |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| doctus, -a, -um | learned, skilled, trained (in: abl.) |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| quīn, conj. | so that ... not, but that, but |
| potius (adv.) | rather |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| adnotō (annotō), -āre, -āvī, -ātus | note down, take note of, observe |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctus | straighten, set right, reform |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.) | please (placuit eī: he decided) |
| sī, conj. | if |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| displiceō, -ēre, -uī, -itum | displease (+ dat.) |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus | be strong or effectual, have effect, prevail |