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Pliny · Epistulae III

Pliny, Letter 3.1

Spurinna's well-ordered old age

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Ep. 3.1.1Nesciō an ūllum iūcundius tempus exēgerim, quam quō nūper apud Spurinnam fuī, adeō quidem ut nēminem magis in senectūte, sī modo senēscere datum est, aemulārī velim;I doubt whether I have ever spent a pleasanter time than the one I spent recently with Spurinna, so much so indeed that there is no one I would rather imitate in old age, if only it is granted me to grow old; Ep. 3.1.1nihil est enim illō vītae genere distīnctius.for nothing is more orderly than that way of life. Ep. 3.1.2Mē autem ut certus sīderum cursus ita vīta hominum disposita dēlectat.For my part, just as the fixed course of the stars delights me, so does a well-ordered human life. Ep. 3.1.2Senum praesertim: nam iuvenēs cōnfūsa adhūc quaedam et quasi turbāta nōn indecent, senibus placida omnia et ōrdināta conveniunt, quibus industria sēra turpis ambitiō est.Of old men especially: for in the young a certain confusion and, as it were, disorder is still not unbecoming, but to the old everything calm and ordered is fitting, for whom activity taken up late is a disgraceful ambition.

Ep. 3.1.3Hanc rēgulam Spurinna cōnstantissimē servat;This rule Spurinna keeps most steadfastly; Ep. 3.1.3quīn etiam parva haec - parva sī nōn cōtīdiē fīant - ōrdine quōdam et velut orbe circumagit.indeed even these small matters — small, that is, if they did not happen every day — he goes through in a fixed order and, as it were, in a cycle. Ep. 3.1.4Māne lectulō continētur, hōrā secundā calceōs poscit, ambulat mīlia passuum tria nec minus animum quam corpus exercet.In the morning he keeps to his couch; at the second hour he calls for his shoes, walks three miles, and exercises his mind no less than his body. Ep. 3.1.4Sī adsunt amīcī, honestissimī sermōnēs explicantur;If friends are with him, the most worthy conversations unfold; Ep. 3.1.4sī nōn, liber legitur, interdum etiam praesentibus amīcīs, sī tamen illī nōn gravantur.if not, a book is read, sometimes even when friends are present, provided, however, that they do not mind. Ep. 3.1.5Deinde cōnsīdit, et liber rūrsus aut sermō librō potior;Then he sits down, and there is the book again, or conversation, which is better than a book; Ep. 3.1.5mox vehiculum ascendit, assūmit uxōrem singulāris exemplī vel aliquem amīcōrum, ut mē proximē.next he gets into his carriage and takes with him his wife, a woman of singular excellence, or one of his friends, as he took me recently.

Ep. 3.1.6Quam pulchrum illud, quam dulce sēcrētum!How fine, how sweet that privacy is! Ep. 3.1.6quantum ibi antīquitātis!How much of the old days there is in it! Ep. 3.1.6quae facta, quōs virōs audiās!What deeds, what men you may hear of! Ep. 3.1.6quibus praeceptīs imbuāre!With what precepts you may be steeped! Ep. 3.1.6quamvīs ille hoc temperāmentum modestiae suae indīxerit, nē praecipere videātur.although he has imposed this restraint on his modesty, that he should not seem to be giving instruction. Ep. 3.1.7Perāctīs septem mīlibus passuum iterum ambulat mīlle, iterum resīdit vel sē cubiculō ac stilō reddit.When seven miles have been covered he walks another mile, then sits again or betakes himself to his room and his pen. Ep. 3.1.7Scrībit enim et quidem utrāque linguā lyrica doctissima;For he writes lyric poems, and very learned ones, in both languages; Ep. 3.1.7mīra illīs dulcēdō, mīra suāvitās, mīra hilaritās, cuius grātiam cumulat sānctitās scrībentis.they have a wonderful sweetness, a wonderful charm, a wonderful gaiety, whose grace is heightened by the purity of their author. Ep. 3.1.8Ubi hōra balineī nūntiāta est - est autem hieme nōna, aestāte octāva -, in sōle, sī caret ventō, ambulat nūdus.When the hour of the bath has been announced — it is the ninth in winter, the eighth in summer — he walks naked in the sun, if there is no wind.

Ep. 3.1.8Deinde movētur pilā vehementer et diū;Then he exercises with a ball, vigorously and for a long time; Ep. 3.1.8nam hōc quoque exercitātiōnis genere pugnat cum senectūte.for with this kind of exercise too he does battle with old age. Ep. 3.1.8Lōtus accubat et paulisper cibum differt;After bathing he lies down and puts off his meal for a little while; Ep. 3.1.8interim audit legentem remissius aliquid et dulcius.meanwhile he listens to someone reading something lighter and more pleasant. Ep. 3.1.8Per hoc omne tempus līberum est amīcīs vel eadem facere vel alia sī mālint.Throughout all this time his friends are free to do the same things, or others if they prefer. Ep. 3.1.9Appōnitur cēna nōn minus nitida quam frūgī, in argentō pūrō et antīquō;Dinner is served, no less elegant than frugal, on plain and antique silver; Ep. 3.1.9sunt in ūsū et Corinthia, quibus dēlectātur nec afficitur.Corinthian bronzes too are in use, which he takes pleasure in without being obsessed by them. Ep. 3.1.9Frequenter cōmoedīs cēna distinguitur, ut voluptātēs quoque studiīs condiantur.Often the dinner is interspersed with comic actors, so that pleasures too may be seasoned with learning.

Ep. 3.1.9Sūmit aliquid dē nocte et aestāte;He takes something from the night, even in summer; Ep. 3.1.9nēminī hoc longum est;no one finds this long; Ep. 3.1.9tantā cōmitāte convīvium trahitur.with such geniality is the meal drawn out. Ep. 3.1.10Inde illī post septimum et septuāgēnsimum annum aurium oculōrum vigor integer, inde agile et vīvidum corpus sōlaque ex senectūte prūdentia.Hence, after his seventy-seventh year, his ears and eyes are unimpaired in their vigour, hence his body is nimble and lively, and from old age he has only its wisdom. Ep. 3.1.11Hanc ego vītam vōtō et cōgitātiōne praesūmō, ingressūrus avidissimē, ut prīmum ratiō aetātis receptuī canere permīserit.This is the life I anticipate in my prayers and thoughts, and I shall enter upon it most eagerly as soon as the reckoning of my age permits me to sound the retreat. Ep. 3.1.11Interim mīlle labōribus conteror, quōrum mihi et sōlācium et exemplum est īdem Spurinna;Meanwhile I am worn down by a thousand labours, for which this same Spurinna is both my consolation and my example; Ep. 3.1.12nam ille quoque, quoad honestum fuit, obiit officia, gessit magistrātūs, prōvinciās rēxit, multōque labōre hoc ōtium meruit.for he too, as long as it was honourable, undertook duties, held magistracies, governed provinces, and by much labour earned this leisure.

Ep. 3.1.12Igitur eundem mihi cursum, eundem terminum statuō, idque iam nunc apud tē subsignō ut, sī mē longius ēvehī vīderis, in iūs vocēs ad hanc epistulam meam et quiēscere iubeās, cum inertiae crīmen effūgerō.Therefore I set myself the same course, the same goal, and I put my signature to it with you here and now, so that, if you see me carried further, you may summon me to court on the strength of this letter of mine and order me to rest, once I have escaped the charge of idleness. Ep. 3.1.12Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (272 words)
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
an, conj.or (in questions)
ūllus, -a, -umany
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
sī, conj.if
modo, adv.only
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
aemulor, -ārī, -ātus sumtry to equal, rival, imitate
volō, velle, voluīwish
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
enim, conj.for
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vīta, -ae, f.life
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
distīnctē (adv.)clearly, precisely
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
sīdus, -eris n.star, constellation
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
homō, hominis, m.man
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
senex, senis, m.old man
praesertim (adv.)especially
nam, conj.for
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quasi, conj.as if
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
nōn, adv.not
indeceō, -ērebe unbecoming to
placidus, -a, -umcalm, gentle
omnis, -eall, every
ōrdinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in order, arrange in rows
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
sērus, -a, -umlate
turpis, -edisgraceful
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēgula, -ae f.ruler, straight bar, strip of wood
cōnstanter (adv.)steadily, consistently
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
veluteven or just as, as
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
circumagō, -agere, -ēgī, -āctusturn round, wheel about
māne, adv.in the morning, early in the morning
lectulus, -ī m.small couch, bed
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
hōra, -ae, f.hour
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
calceus, -ī, m.shoe
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
ambulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwalk
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
minus, comp. adv.less
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
corpus, corporis, n.body
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
explicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusunfold, spread out; set out, explain
liber, librī m.book; record
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
interdum (adv.)sometimes
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
gravor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe unwilling, object to
deinde, adv.then, next
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
rūrsus, adv.again
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
mox, adv.soon
vehiculum, -ī n.vehicle, carriage
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
assūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up, receive; take to oneself
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
velor; vel … vel: either … or
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
dulcis, -esweet
sēcrētus, -a, -umseparate; secret, private
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
ibi, adv.in that place, there
antīquitās, -ātis f.antiquity, age; long descent
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
factum, -ī n.deed, act
vir, virī, m.man
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtuswet, soak, dip
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
temperāmentum, -ī n.right proportion, balance, moderation; compromise
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
septemseven
iterum, adv.again, a second time
resīdō, -sīdere, -sēdīsettle down, subside
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cubiculum, -ī, n.bedroom
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
stilus, -ī m.stylus, pen (for writing on wax)
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
lyricus, -a, -umof the lyre, lyric
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
dulcēdō, -inis, f.sweetness
suāvitās, -ātis f.sweetness, pleasantness (odor suāvitātis: a pleasing smell)
hilaritās, -ātis f.cheerfulness, merriment
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
cumulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusheap up; crown, cap (one deed with another)
sānctitās, -ātis f.holiness, sanctity; purity, integrity
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
balineum (balneum), -ī n.bath, bathroom
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
hiems, hiemis f.winter
nōnus, -a, -umninth
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
octāvus, -a, -umeighth
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
ventus, -ī, m.wind
nūdus, -a, -umnaked, bare
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
pila, -ae f.ball; ball game
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
quoque, adv.also
exercitātiō, -ōnis, f.exercise
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
cum, prep, with abl.with
lavō, -āre, lāvī, lautuswash; passive: bathe
accubō, -ārerecline (at table)
paulisper (adv.)for a short time
cibus, -ī, m.food
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
interim (adv.)meanwhile
remissus, -a, -umrelaxed, mild
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
līber, lībera, līberumfree
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
appōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput to or near, set before, serve
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
frūgī (indecl.)honest, worthy; thrifty, frugal
argentum, -ī, n.silver
pūrus, -a, -umclean, pure; (of land) clear, unbuilt
antīquus, -a, -umancient
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
Corinthius, -a, -umof Corinth, Corinthian
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
frequenter (adv.)often, frequently
cōmoedus, -ī m.comic actor, performer of comedy
distinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusseparate, divide; distinguish
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
condiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusseason, flavour; preserve
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
nox, noctis, f.night
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
convīvium, -ī n.banquet, dinner party
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
inde (adv.)from there; then
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
septimus, -a, -umseventh
septuāgēsimus, -a, -umseventieth
annus, -ī, m.year
auris, -is, f.ear
oculus, -ī, m.eye
vigor, -ōris m.vigour, energy, liveliness
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
agilis, -enimble, quick, active
vīvidus, -a, -umfull of life, lively, vigorous
sōlus, -a, -umalone
que, enclitic conj.and
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
praesūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake beforehand; anticipate; presume, take for granted
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
avidē (adv.)eagerly, greedily
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
aetās, -tātis, f.age
receptus, -ūs m.retreat; place of retreat
canō, -ere, cecinī, cantussing; of a trumpet: sound (receptuī canere: sound the retreat)
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
conterō, -ere, -trīvī, -trītuscrush, grind, bruise
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
quoad (conj.)as long as; until
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
igitur, conj.therefore
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
iam, adv.now, already
nunc, adv.now
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
subsignō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusregister; pledge, guarantee
longē, adv.far
ēvehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry out, carry away
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
epistula, -ae f.letter
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
inertia, -ae f.inactivity, idleness, sloth
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae III. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.