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Pliny · Epistulae II

Pliny, Letter 2.14

Decline of the Centumviral court

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Ep. 2.14.1Vērum opīnāris: distringor centumvirālibus causīs, quae mē exercent magis quam dēlectant.You are right: I am kept busy with cases in the Centumviral court, which exercise me more than they delight me. Ep. 2.14.1Sunt enim plēraeque parvae et exīlēs;For most of them are petty and slight; Ep. 2.14.1rārō incidit vel persōnārum clāritāte vel negōtiī magnitūdine īnsignis.rarely does one occur that is notable either for the distinction of the persons or for the importance of the matter. Ep. 2.14.2Ad hoc paucī cum quibus iuvet dīcere;Besides, there are few with whom it is a pleasure to speak; Ep. 2.14.2cēterī audācēs atque etiam magnā ex parte adulēscentulī obscūrī ad dēclāmandum hūc trānsiērunt, tam irreverenter et temerē, ut mihi Atīlius noster expressē dīxisse videātur, sīc in forō puerōs ā centumvirālibus causīs auspicārī, ut ab Homērō in scholīs.the rest are bold, and for the most part obscure youths who have come over here to declaim, so disrespectfully and rashly that my friend Atilius seems to me to have put it exactly when he said that boys make their start in the forum with Centumviral cases, as they do in school with Homer.

Ep. 2.14.2Nam hīc quoque ut illīc prīmum coepit esse quod maximum est.For here too, as there, they have begun with what is greatest. Ep. 2.14.3At herculē ante memoriam meam - ita maiōrēs nātū solent dīcere -, nē nōbilissimīs quidem adulēscentibus locus erat nisi aliquō cōnsulārī prōdūcente: tantā venerātiōne pulcherrimum opus colēbātur.But, by Hercules, before my time – so older men usually say –, not even young men of the noblest birth had a place unless some ex-consul introduced them: with such veneration was this finest of occupations held in honour. Ep. 2.14.4Nunc refrāctīs pudōris et reverentiae claustrīs, omnia patent omnibus, nec indūcuntur sed irrumpunt.Now that the bars of modesty and respect have been broken, everything lies open to everybody, and they are not introduced but burst in. Ep. 2.14.4Sequuntur audītōrēs āctōribus similēs, conductī et redēmptī.Audiences follow them who are like the performers, hired and bought. Ep. 2.14.4Manceps convenītur;A contractor is approached; Ep. 2.14.4in mediā basilicā tam palam sportulae quam in triclīniō dantur;in the middle of the basilica handouts are given as openly as in a dining room; Ep. 2.14.4ex iūdiciō in iūdicium parī mercēde trānsitur.they pass from court to court for the same pay.

Ep. 2.14.5Inde iam nōn inurbānē vocantur īsdem Latīnum nōmen impositum est Laudicēnī, isdem Latinum nomen impositum est Laudiceni;Hence, not without wit, they are called Sophocleses, from sophos, 'bravo', and kaleisthai, 'to be called', and the Latin name Laudiceni, 'Praise-diners', has been given to the same men; Ep. 2.14.6et tamen crēscit in diēs foeditās utrāque linguā notāta.and yet the disgrace branded in both languages grows day by day. Ep. 2.14.6Herī duo nōmenclātōrēs meī - habent sānē aetātem eōrum quī nūper togās sūmpserint - ternīs dēnāriīs ad laudandum trahēbantur.Yesterday two of my name-callers – they are indeed of the age of those who have just put on the toga – were being dragged off to applaud at three denarii each. Ep. 2.14.6Tantī cōnstat ut sīs disertissimus.That is what it costs to be most eloquent. Ep. 2.14.6Hōc pretiō quamlibet numerōsa subsellia implentur, hōc ingēns corōna colligitur, hōc īnfīnītī clamōrēs commoventur, cum mesochorus dedit signum.At this price benches however numerous are filled, at this a huge ring of listeners is gathered, at this endless shouts are raised, when the chorus-leader has given the signal.

Ep. 2.14.7Opus est enim signō apud nōn intellegentēs, nē audientēs quidem;For a signal is needed among men who do not understand, who do not even listen; Ep. 2.14.8nam plērīque nōn audiunt, nec ūllī magis laudant.for most of them do not listen, and none applaud more. Ep. 2.14.8Sī quandō trānsībis per basilicam et volēs scīre, quō modō quisque dīcat, nihil est quod tribūnal ascendās, nihil quod praebeās aurem;If ever you pass through the basilica and want to know how each man is speaking, there is no need to climb onto the tribunal, no need to lend an ear; Ep. 2.14.8facilis dīvīnātiō: scītō eum pessimē dīcere, quī laudābitur maximē.the guessing is easy: know that the man who is most applauded speaks worst. Ep. 2.14.9Prīmus hunc audiendī mōrem indūxit Larcius Licinus, hāctenus tamen ut audītōrēs corrogāret.Larcius Licinus was the first to introduce this way of listening, though only to the extent of rounding up an audience. Ep. 2.14.9Ita certē ex Quīntiliānō praeceptōre meō audīsse mē meminī.So at least I remember hearing from Quintilian, my teacher. Ep. 2.14.10Narrābat ille: "Assectābar Domitium Āfrum.He used to tell this story: 'I was attending Domitius Afer.

Ep. 2.14.10Cum apud centumvirōs dīceret graviter et lentē - hoc enim illī āctiōnis genus erat -, audit ex proximō immodicum īnsolitumque clamōrem.When he was speaking before the Centumviri, weightily and slowly – for this was his style of delivery –, he heard from close by an immoderate and unusual shout. Ep. 2.14.10Admīrātus reticuit;Surprised, he fell silent; Ep. 2.14.10ubi silentium factum est, repetit quod abrūperat.when silence had fallen, he resumed what he had broken off. Ep. 2.14.11Iterum clamor, iterum reticuit, et post silentium coepit.Again a shout, again he fell silent, and after the silence began again. Ep. 2.14.11Idem tertiō.The same a third time. Ep. 2.14.11Novissimē quis dīceret quaesiit.Finally he asked who was speaking. Ep. 2.14.11Respōnsum est: "Licinus."The answer came: "Licinus." Ep. 2.14.11Tum intermissā causā "Centumvirī," inquit, "hoc artificium periit."" Quod aliōquī perīre incipiēbat cum perīsse Afrō vidērētur, nunc vērō prope funditus exstīnctum et ēversum est.Then, breaking off the case, he said: "Centumviri, this art is dead."' And indeed it was in any case beginning to die when it seemed to Afer to have died, but now it is almost utterly extinguished and overthrown.

Ep. 2.14.12Pudet referre quae quam frāctā prōnūntiātiōne dīcantur, quibus quam tenerīs clamōribus excipiantur.I am ashamed to relate what things are said, and with what effeminate delivery, and with what feeble shouts they are received. Ep. 2.14.13Plausus tantum ac potius sōla cymbala et tympana illīs canticīs dēsunt: ululātūs quidem - neque enim aliō vocābulō potest exprimī theātrīs quoque indecōra laudātiō - lārgē supersunt.Only clapping, or rather only cymbals and drums, are missing from those sing-songs: howls, indeed – for by no other word can that praise, unseemly even in theatres, be expressed – are present in plenty. Ep. 2.14.14Nōs tamen adhūc et ūtilitās amīcōrum et ratiō aetātis morātur ac retinet;Still, the interests of my friends and the consideration of my age delay and hold me back for now; Ep. 2.14.14verēmur enim nē forte nōn hās indignitātēs relīquisse, sed labōrem fūgisse videāmur.for I fear that I may perhaps seem not to have left these indignities behind but to have run away from work. Ep. 2.14.14Sumus tamen solitō rāriōrēs, quod initium est gradātim dēsinendī.Yet I appear less often than usual, which is the beginning of ceasing by degrees.

Ep. 2.14.14Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (267 words)
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
opīnor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink, suppose; ut opīnor: I imagine
distringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusstretch apart; keep busy, distract
centumvirālis, -eof the centumviral court (dealing with inheritance cases)
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exīlis, -ethin, slender, meagre
rārō (adv.)seldom, rarely
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
velor; vel … vel: either … or
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
clāritās, -ātis f.brightness; renown, glory
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
cum, prep, with abl.with
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
audāx, -ācisbold, daring, reckless
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
dēclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspractise oratory, declaim; speak loudly, rant
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
tam, adv.so
irreverenter (adv.)disrespectfully, without proper respect
temerē, adv.rashly
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
noster, -tra, -trumour
expressē (adv.)clearly, pointedly, expressly
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sīc, adv.so, thus
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
puer, puerī, m.boy
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
auspicor, -ārī, -ātus sumtake the auspices; make a start on, begin
schola, -ae f.lecture hall, school; lecture
nam, conj.for
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
quoque, adv.also
illīc (adv.)there
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
at, conj.but
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
memoria, -ae, f.memory
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nisi, conj.if not, unless
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
prōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead out, bring out
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
venerātiō, -ōnis f.reverence, veneration, worship
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
opus, operis, n.work, task
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
nunc, adv.now
refringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctumbreak open
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
reverentia, -ae f.respect, modesty, shyness
claustrum, -ī n.bar, bolt; barrier, enclosure
omnis, -eall, every
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
sed, conj.but
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
audītor, -ōris m.listener, hearer; pupil; reader
āctor, -ōris m.a driver (of cattle), herdsman; agent, manager; doer
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
condūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumbring together, assemble
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptumbuy up; buy back
manceps, -cipis m.purchaser at a public sale; contractor (for public revenues or works)
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
basilica, -ae f.a basilica, a public hall for courts and business
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
sportula, -ae f.little basket; dole, handout of money or food
triclīnium, -ī n.dining couch (for three); dining room
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
pār, parisequal
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
inde (adv.)from there; then
iam, adv.now, already
nōn, adv.not
inurbānē (adv.)without wit, crudely; non inurbāne: wittily
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
foeditās, -ātis f.foulness, hideousness
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
herī (adv.)yesterday
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
nōmenclātor, -ōris m.slave who told his master the names of people he met
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
aetās, -tātis, f.age
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
ternī, -ae, -athree each, three at a time
dēnārius, -ī m.denarius, a silver coin, about a day's wage for a labourer
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
disertus, -a, -umeloquent, skilled in speaking
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
quamlibet (adv.)as much as you like
numerōsus, -a, -umnumerous, populous; rhythmical
subsellium, -ī n.bench, seat (in the senate or courts)
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
corōna, -ae f.crown, wreath (sub corōnā vēndere: sell as slaves)
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
īnfīnītus, -a, -umboundless, countless
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
mesochorus, -ī m.chorus-leader, cheerleader of a hired claque
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
ūllus, -a, -umany
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
volō, velle, voluīwish
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
auris, -is, f.ear
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
dīvīnātiō, -ōnis f.foreseeing the future, prophecy
male, adv.badly, ill
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
hāctenus (adv.)thus far, up to this point; so much (and no more)
corrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscollect by asking, raise (money)
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
praeceptor, -ōris m.teacher, instructor
meminī, meminisseremember
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
assector (adsector), -ārī, -ātus sumattend, follow constantly, court
centumvir, -ī m.member of the Centumviri, the civil court for inheritance cases
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
lentē (adv.; comp. lentius)slowly
āctiō, -ōnis f.doing, action; a public act or measure
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
immodicus, -a, -umexcessive, unrestrained
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
que, enclitic conj.and
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
reticeō, -ēre, -uīkeep silent, say nothing
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
iterum, adv.again, a second time
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
tertiō (adv.)for the third time
novissimē (adv.)lastly, finally, at last
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
tum, adv.then, at that time
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
artificium, -ī n.craft, skill; trade
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
aliōquī (adv.)otherwise; in other respects
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
funditus (adv.)from the bottom, utterly
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
prōnūntiātiō, -ōnis f.proclamation, announcement
tener, -era, -erumyoung, tender
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
plausus, -ūs, m.applause
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
potius (adv.)rather
sōlus, -a, -umalone
cymbalum, -ī n.cymbal
tympanum, -ī n.drum, tambourine
canticum, -ī n.song, sung passage, chant
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
ululātus, -ūs m.howling, yelling, war-cry
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
vocābulum, -ī n.name, word, term
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
theātrum, -ī n.theatre
indecōrus, -a, -umunbecoming, shameful, disgraceful
laudātiō, -ōnis f.praise; eulogy, funeral speech; character reference
lārgē (adv.)generously, lavishly
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
nōsplur. of ego
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
ūtilitās, -ātis f.usefulness, advantage
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
indignitās, -ātis f.humiliation, indignity
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
initium, -ī, n.beginning
gradātim (adv.)step by step, by degrees
dēsinō, -sinere, -siī, -situsstop, cease (+ inf.)
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae II. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.