| cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tus | consult |
| an, conj. | or (in questions) |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| tribūnātus, -ūs m. | tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people) |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | owe; with infin., ought |
| plūrimum (adv.) | most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful) |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātus | bring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| inānis, -e | empty |
| umbra, -ae, f. | shadow, shade |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| honor, -ōris, m. | honor |
| nōmen, -minis, n. | name (that by which one is known) |
| potestās, -ātis f. | power, authority |
| sacrōsānctus, -a, -um | sacred, inviolable |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| decet, decēre, decuit (impers.) | it is fitting, it is proper |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | wander, stray; be mistaken |
| fortasse (adv.) | perhaps |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| aliquis, -quid, indef. pron. | someone, any one, something, anything, some, any |
| sed, conj. | but |
| tamquam (adv., conj.) | as, just as; as if |
| abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentum | keep away, hold back (from) |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| dēfōrmis, -e | misshapen, ugly |
| arbitror, -ārī, -ātus | consider, think, judge |
| assurgō (adsurgō), -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctum | rise up |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal) | it is right, it is necessary |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessus | sit |
| stō, stāre, stetī, status | stand |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | be silent |
| quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumque | whoever, whatever |
| silentium, -ī n. | silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly |
| clepsydra, -ae f. | water-clock; a measured allowance of speaking time in court |
| indicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | point out, reveal, give information; inform against |
| interfor, -fārī, -fātus sum | interrupt |
| nefās n. (indecl.) | a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| convīcium, -ī n. | loud noise, wrangling; abuse |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| sī, conj. | if |
| inultus, -a, -um | unavenged; unpunished |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |
| iners, -ertis | sluggish, idle, unmanly |
| ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultus | avenge |
| īnsolēns, -entis | unaccustomed (to: gen.); excessive, arrogant |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| aestus, -ūs m. | heat; tide |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| oculus, -ī, m. | eye |
| forte, adv. | by chance, accidentally |
| appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātus | call, name |
| vel | or; vel … vel: either … or |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| intercēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessum | come between, pass (of time) |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| ferō, ferre, tulī, lātus | bear, bring |
| quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētus | rest, keep quiet |
| sileō, -ēre, -uī | be silent; pass over in silence |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| quasi, conj. | as if |
| ēiūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | renounce on oath; magistratum eiurare: resign office |
| magistrātus, -ūs m. | magistrate, official |
| prīvātus, -a, -um | private |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtus | move |
| mālō, mālle, māluī | wish rather, prefer |
| exhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | show, display, present |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| advocātus, -ī m. | supporter in court, legal adviser, counsel; helper, friend called in |
| iterum, adv. | again, a second time |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus | be or lie between |
| quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj. | what? |
| persōna, -ae f. | mask; character, role; personal standing |
| impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | place or lay upon, impose; embark |
| sapiēns, -entis | wise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher |
| vir, virī, m. | man |
| aptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fit, adjust, make ready |
| perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear through, bear, endure; weather |
| valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus | be strong or effectual, have effect, prevail |