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Pliny · Epistulae I

Pliny, Letter 1.22

The illness of Titius Aristo

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Ep. 1.22.1Diū iam in urbe haereō et quidem attonitus.For a long time now I have been stuck in the city, and indeed in a state of shock. Ep. 1.22.1Perturbat mē longa et pertināx valētūdō Titī Aristōnis, quem singulāriter et mīror et dīligō.I am deeply troubled by the long and stubborn illness of Titius Aristo, whom I both admire and love in a special way. Ep. 1.22.1Nihil est enim illō gravius sānctius doctius, ut mihi nōn ūnus homō sed litterae ipsae omnēsque bonae artēs in ūnō homine summum perīculum adīre videantur.For there is no one more serious, more upright, more learned than he, so that it seems to me that not one man but literature itself and all the liberal arts are facing the utmost danger in one man. Ep. 1.22.2Quam perītus ille et prīvātī iūris et pūblicī!How expert he is in both private and public law! Ep. 1.22.2quantum rērum, quantum exemplōrum, quantum antīquitātis tenet!How much history, how many precedents, how much antiquity he commands! Ep. 1.22.2Nihil est quod discere velīs quod ille docēre nōn possit;There is nothing you might wish to learn which he could not teach; Ep. 1.22.2mihi certē quotiēns aliquid abditum quaerō, ille thēsaurus est.to me at any rate, whenever I am looking for something obscure, he is a treasure-house.

Ep. 1.22.3Iam quanta sermōnibus eius fidēs, quanta auctōritās, quam pressa et decōra cūnctātiō!Then again, what trustworthiness there is in his conversation, what authority, how restrained and dignified his hesitation! Ep. 1.22.3quid est quod nōn statim sciat?What is there that he does not know at once? Ep. 1.22.3Et tamen plērumque haesitat dubitat, dīversitāte ratiōnum, quās ācrī magnōque iūdiciō ab orīgine causīsque prīmīs repetit discernit expendit.And yet often he hesitates and doubts, because of the conflict of reasons, which with keen and great judgement he traces back to their origin and first causes, distinguishes and weighs. Ep. 1.22.4Ad hoc quam parcus in vīctū, quam modicus in cultū!Besides, how sparing he is in his diet, how moderate in his dress! Ep. 1.22.4Soleō ipsum cubiculum illīus ipsumque lectum ut imāginem quandam prīscae frūgālitātis adspicere.I often look at his bedroom itself and his very bed as a kind of image of old-fashioned frugality. Ep. 1.22.5Ōrnat haec magnitūdō animī, quae nihil ad ostentātiōnem, omnia ad cōnscientiam refert rēctēque factī nōn ex populī sermōne mercēdem, sed ex factō petit.These qualities are crowned by a greatness of mind which refers nothing to display, everything to conscience, and seeks the reward of a good deed not from the talk of the people but from the deed itself.

Ep. 1.22.6In summā nōn facile quemquam ex istīs quī sapientiae studium habitū corporis praeferunt, huic virō comparābis.In short, you will not easily compare with this man any of those who parade their pursuit of wisdom by their outward appearance. Ep. 1.22.6Nōn quidem gymnasia sectātur aut porticūs, nec disputātiōnibus longīs aliōrum ōtium suumque dēlectat, sed in togā negōtiīsque versātur, multōs advocātiōne plūrēs cōnsiliō iuvat.He does not, indeed, haunt the gymnasia or the colonnades, nor does he entertain the leisure of others and his own with long disputations, but he is engaged in public life and business, helping many with his advocacy and more with his counsel. Ep. 1.22.7Nēminī tamen istōrum castitāte pietāte, iūstitiā, fortitūdine etiam prīmō locō cesserit.Yet he would yield first place to none of them in purity, piety, justice, and even courage. Ep. 1.22.7Mīrārēris sī interessēs, quā patientiā hanc ipsam valētūdinem toleret, ut dolōrī resistat, ut sitim differat, ut incrēdibilem febrium ardōrem immōtus opertusque trānsmittat.You would marvel, if you were there, with what patience he endures this very illness, how he resists pain, how he puts off thirst, how he lets the incredible heat of his fevers pass, motionless and covered up.

Ep. 1.22.8Nūper mē paucōsque mēcum, quōs maximē dīligit, advocāvit rogāvitque, ut medicōs cōnsulerēmus dē summā valētūdinis, ut sī esset īnsuperābilis sponte exīret ē vītā;Recently he called me and a few others whom he especially loves, and asked us to consult the doctors about the outcome of his illness, so that if it were incurable he might depart from life of his own accord; Ep. 1.22.8sī tantum difficilis et longa, resisteret manēretque: dandum enim precibus uxōris, dandum fīliae lacrimīs, dandum etiam nōbīs amīcīs, nē spēs nostrās, sī modo nōn essent inānēs, voluntāriā morte dēsereret.but if it were merely difficult and long, he would resist and remain: for he must yield to the prayers of his wife, yield to his daughter's tears, yield even to us his friends, so as not to desert our hopes, if only they were not vain, by a voluntary death. Ep. 1.22.10Id ego arduum in prīmīs et praecipuā laude dignum putō.This I consider especially hard and worthy of particular praise. Ep. 1.22.10Nam impetū quōdam et īnstīnctū prōcurrere ad mortem commūne cum multīs, dēlīberāre vērō et causās eius expendere, utque suāserit ratiō, vītae mortisque cōnsilium vel suscipere vel pōnere ingentis est animī.For to rush to death on some impulse and instinct is something shared with many, but to deliberate and weigh its reasons, and to take up or lay aside the plan of life or death as reason has advised, is the mark of a mighty spirit.

Ep. 1.22.11Et medicī quidem secunda nōbīs pollicentur: superest ut prōmissīs deus adnuat tandemque mē hāc sollicitūdine exsolvat;And the doctors indeed promise us a good outcome: it remains for a god to assent to their promises and at last release me from this anxiety; Ep. 1.22.11quā līberātus Laurentīnum meum, hoc est libellōs et pugillārēs, studiōsumque ōtium repetam.once freed from it, I shall return to my Laurentine house, that is, to my books and writing-tablets and studious leisure. Ep. 1.22.11Nunc enim nihil legere, nihil scrībere aut assidentī vacat aut ānxiō libet.For now, sitting by his bed, I have no time to read or write anything, and anxious as I am I have no wish to. Ep. 1.22.12Habēs quid timeam, quid optem, quid etiam in posterum dēstinem: tū quid ēgerīs, quid agās, quid velīs agere invicem nōbīs, sed laetiōribus epistulīs scrībe.You have what I fear, what I hope, what I even plan for the future: you in turn write to me what you have done, what you are doing and what you want to do, but in happier letters.

Ep. 1.22.12Erit cōnfūsiōnī meae nōn mediocre sōlācium, sī tū nihil quereris.It will be no small comfort in my distress if you have nothing to complain of. Ep. 1.22.12Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (248 words)
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
iam, adv.now, already
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
haereō, haerēre, haesī, haesūrusstick; hesitate
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
attonitus, -a, -umthunderstruck, astonished
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
pertināx, -ācisstubborn, persistent; holding on firmly
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
singulāriter (adv.)especially, exceptionally; singly
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
homō, hominis, m.man
sed, conj.but
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
omnis, -eall, every
que, enclitic conj.and
bonus, -a, -umgood
ars, artis, f.art
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
quantum, adv.how much? how?
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
antīquitās, -ātis f.antiquity, age; long descent
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
discō, discere, didicīlearn
volō, velle, voluīwish
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
thēsaurus, -ī m.treasure; storehouse
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
cūnctātiō, -ōnis f.delay, hesitation
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
haesitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushesitate
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
dīversitās, -ātis f.difference, variety; contrast, contradiction
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
orīgō, -inis f.origin, beginning, source; ancestry
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
expendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusweigh out; pay (a penalty)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
parcus, -a, -umsparing, thrifty, frugal
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
cubiculum, -ī, n.bedroom
lectus, -ī m.bed, couch
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
prīscus, -a, -umancient, of olden times; Prīscī Latīnī: the Old Latins
frūgālitās, -ātis f.thrift, frugality, self-restraint
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
ōrnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusequip, adorn
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ostentātiō, -ōnis f.display, show
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
populus, -ī m.people, nation
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
facile, adv.easily
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
corpus, corporis, n.body
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
vir, virī, m.man
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
gymnasium, -ī n.gymnasium, a Greek exercise ground and meeting place
sector, -ārī, -ātus sumkeep following, chase after
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
disputātiō, -ōnis f.argument, debate
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
advocātiō, -ōnis f.a body of supporters in court; legal assistance, advocacy, a case pleaded
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
castitās, -ātis f.chastity, purity
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
fortitūdō, -inis f.bravery
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessumgo, withdraw, give way
sī, conj.if
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
tolerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbear, endure; keep off (hunger)
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
sitis, -is f.thirst
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
incrēdibilis, eincredible
febris, -is f.fever
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
immōtus, -a, -umunmoved, unchanging
operiō, -īre, -uī, -ertuscover
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
medicus, -ī m.doctor
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
īnsuperābilis, -eunconquerable
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
vīta, -ae, f.life
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
uxor, -ōris, f.wife
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
nōsplur. of ego
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
spēs, speī, f.hope
noster, -tra, -trumour
modo, adv.only
inānis, -eempty
voluntārius, -a, -umwilling; (m. pl. as noun) volunteers
mors, mortīs, f.death
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
nam, conj.for
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
īnstīnctus, -ūs m.prompting, instigation, impulse
prōcurrō, -ere, prōcucurrīrun forward, charge
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
cum, prep, with abl.with
dēlīberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumconsider, deliberate
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
suādeō, -ēre, suāsī, suāsusadvise, urge
velor; vel … vel: either … or
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
deus, -ī, m.god
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
sollicitūdō, -tūdinis, f.anxiety, care, apprehension
exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusset free, release
līberō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset free, free, liberate, release
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
libellus, -ī m.little book; written document; libellus repudiī: certificate of divorce
pugillārēs, -ium m. pl.writing tablets, notebook
studiōsus, -a, -umeager, diligent, studious
nunc, adv.now
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
assideō (adsideō), -ēre, -sēdī, -sessumsit beside, sit with; apply oneself (to)
vacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbe empty, be unoccupied
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
libet, -ēre, libuit (impers.)it pleases; mihi libet: I like, I want
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
invicem (adv.)in turn, mutually; ad invicem: to one another
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
epistula, -ae f.letter
cōnfūsiō, -ōnis f.confusion, disorder, uproar
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
sōlācium, -ī n.comfort, consolation
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae I. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.