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Pliny · Epistulae I

Pliny, Letter 1.10

In praise of the philosopher Euphrates

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Ep. 1.10.1Sī quandō urbs nostra līberālibus studiīs flōruit, nunc maximē flōret.If ever our city flourished in liberal studies, it flourishes most of all now. Ep. 1.10.2Multa clāraque exempla sunt;There are many famous examples; Ep. 1.10.2sufficeret ūnum, Euphrātēs philosophus.one would suffice, the philosopher Euphrates. Ep. 1.10.2Hunc ego in Syriā, cum adulēscentulus mīlitārem, penitus et domī īnspēxī, amārīque ab eō labōrāvī, etsī nōn erat labōrandum.I came to know him thoroughly and intimately in Syria, when I was serving in the army as a very young man, and I worked hard to be loved by him, although there was no need to work at it. Ep. 1.10.2Est enim obvius et expositus, plēnusque hūmānitāte quam praecipit.For he is approachable and open, and full of the humanity that he teaches. Ep. 1.10.3Atque utinam sīc ipse quam spem tunc ille dē mē concēpit implēverim, ut ille multum virtūtibus suīs addidit!And I wish I had fulfilled the hope he then conceived of me as fully as he has added greatly to his own virtues! Ep. 1.10.3aut ego nunc illās magis mīror quia magis intellegō.or else I now admire them more because I understand them more.

Ep. 1.10.4Quamquam nē nunc quidem satis intellegō;And yet even now I do not understand them sufficiently; Ep. 1.10.4ut enim dē pictōre scalptōre fictōre nisi artifex iūdicāre, ita nisi sapiēns nōn potest perspicere sapientem.for just as no one but an artist can judge a painter, a sculptor or a modeller, so no one but a wise man can perceive a wise man. Ep. 1.10.5Quantum tamen mihi cernere datur, multa in Euphrāte sīc ēminent et ēlūcent, ut mediocriter quoque doctōs advertant et afficiant.Yet as far as I am given to discern, many things in Euphrates stand out and shine so that they catch and move even the moderately learned. Ep. 1.10.5Disputat subtīliter graviter ōrnātē, frequenter etiam Platōnicam illam sublīmitātem et lātitūdinem effingit.He argues subtly, weightily and elegantly, and often reproduces that well-known loftiness and breadth of Plato. Ep. 1.10.5Sermō est cōpiōsus et varius, dulcis in prīmīs, et quī repugnantēs quoque dūcat impellat.His talk is copious and varied, above all charming, and such as to lead and drive on even those who resist. Ep. 1.10.6Ad hoc prōcēritās corporis, decōra faciēs, dēmissus capillus, ingēns et cāna barba;In addition there is his tall figure, his handsome face, his long hair, his great white beard; Ep. 1.10.6quae licet fortuīta et inānia putentur, illī tamen plūrimum venerātiōnis acquīrunt.and though these may be thought matters of chance and of no account, they nevertheless win him very great veneration.

Ep. 1.10.7Nūllus horror in cultū, nūlla trīstitia, multum sevēritātis;There is no roughness in his dress, no gloominess, but much austerity; Ep. 1.10.7revereāris occursum, nōn refōrmīdēs.you would feel awe at meeting him, not dread. Ep. 1.10.7Vītae sānctitās summa;The holiness of his life is supreme; Ep. 1.10.7cōmitās pār: īnsectātur vitia nōn hominēs, nec castīgat errantēs sed ēmendat.his courtesy equal to it: he attacks vices, not people, and he does not chastise those who go astray but corrects them. Ep. 1.10.7Sequāris monentem attentus et pendēns, et persuādērī tibi etiam cum persuāserit cupiās.You would follow his admonitions attentively and hanging on his words, and would long to be persuaded even after he has persuaded you. Ep. 1.10.8Iam vērō līberī trēs, duo marēs, quōs dīligentissimē īnstituit.Then again he has three children, two of them sons, whom he has brought up with the greatest care. Ep. 1.10.8Socer Pompeius Iūliānus, cum cēterā vītā tum vel hōc ūnō magnus et clārus, quod ipse prōvinciae prīnceps inter altissimās condiciōnēs generum nōn honōribus prīncipem, sed sapientiā ēlēgit.His father-in-law is Pompeius Julianus, great and famous both in the rest of his life and in this one thing above all, that though himself the foremost man of his province, among the most exalted matches he chose a son-in-law who was foremost not in office but in wisdom.

Ep. 1.10.9Quamquam quid ego plūra dē virō quō mihi fruī nōn licet?But why do I say more about a man whose company I am not allowed to enjoy? Ep. 1.10.9An ut magis angar quod nōn licet?Is it to be the more tormented that I am not allowed? Ep. 1.10.9Nam distringor officiō, ut maximō sīc molestissimō: sedeō prō tribūnālī, subnotō libellōs, cōnficiō tabulās, scrībō plūrimās sed illitterātissimās litterās.For I am distracted by my office, as important as it is irksome: I sit on the tribunal, I sign petitions, I draw up accounts, I write very many but most unliterary letters. Ep. 1.10.10Soleō nōn numquam - nam id ipsum quandō contingit!I sometimes (for when does even that happen!) Ep. 1.10.10- dē hīs occupātiōnibus apud Euphrātēn querī.complain to Euphrates about these occupations. Ep. 1.10.10Ille mē cōnsōlātur, affirmat etiam esse hanc philosophiae et quidem pulcherrimam partem, agere negōtium pūblicum, cognōscere iūdicāre, prōmere et exercēre iūstitiam, quaeque ipsī doceant in ūsū habēre.He consoles me, and even asserts that this is a part of philosophy, and indeed the finest part: to conduct public business, to hear cases and judge them, to bring out and administer justice, and to put into practice what philosophers themselves teach.

Ep. 1.10.11Mihi tamen hoc ūnum nōn persuādet, satius esse ista facere quam cum illō diēs tōtōs audiendō discendōque cōnsūmere.Yet on this one point he does not persuade me, that it is better to do these things than to spend whole days with him listening and learning. Ep. 1.10.11Quō magis tē cui vacat hortor, cum in urbem proximē vēneris - veniās autem ob hoc mātūrius -, illī tē expoliendum līmandumque permittās.All the more do I urge you, who have the time, that when you next come to the city (and come sooner for this reason) you entrust yourself to him to be polished and refined. Ep. 1.10.12Neque enim ego ut multī invideō aliīs bonō quō ipse careō, sed contrā: sēnsum quendam voluptātemque percipiō, sī ea quae mihi dēnegantur amīcīs videō superesse.For I do not, as many do, begrudge others a good which I myself lack, but on the contrary: I feel a certain sense of pleasure if I see my friends enjoying in abundance what is denied to me. Ep. 1.10.12Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×5, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×6

Latin vocabulary for this passage (245 words)
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
urbs, urbis, f.city
noster, -tra, -trumour
līberālis, -ebefitting a free man; generous (with: gen.)
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
flōreō, -ēre, -uīflourish, be prosperous
nunc, adv.now
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
que, enclitic conj.and
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
philosophus, -ī m.philosopher
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
penitus (adv.)deep within, far inside
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
etsī, conj.even if, although
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
plēnus, -a, -umfull
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
sīc, adv.so, thus
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
spēs, speī, f.hope
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
multum, -ī, n.much
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
quia (conj.)because
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
quamquam, conj.however much, although
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
scalptor, -ōris m.engraver, carver
fictor, -ōris m.maker, shaper, modeller; fandi fictor: a deviser of speech
nisi, conj.if not, unless
artifex, -icis m.artist, craftsman; scaenicus artifex: actor
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
quantum, adv.how much? how?
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
ēlūceō, -ēre, -lūxīshine out, be conspicuous
mediocriter (adv.)moderately (nōn mediocriter: greatly)
quoque, adv.also
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
advertō, -ere, advertī, adversumturn toward (animum advertere: notice)
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
subtīliter (adv.)precisely, minutely, with subtlety
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
ōrnātē (adv.)elegantly, ornately
frequenter (adv.)often, frequently
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
Platōnicus, -a, -umPlatonic; (m. pl. as noun) followers of Plato
sublīmitās, -ātis f.height, loftiness; grandeur, exalted rank
lātitūdō, -inis f.width, breadth
effingō, -ere, -fīnxī, -fictusform, portray, represent
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
cōpiōsus, -a, -umwell supplied, wealthy
varius, -a, -umvarious
dulcis, -esweet
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prōcēritās, -ātis f.height, tallness
corpus, corporis, n.body
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
faciēs, -ēī f.face; appearance
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
capillus, -ī m.hair
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
cānus, -a, -umwhite, grey; (of persons) grey-haired, venerable
barba, -ae f.beard
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
fortuītus, -a, -umaccidental, happening by chance; n. pl., accidents
inānis, -eempty
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
venerātiō, -ōnis f.reverence, veneration, worship
acquīrō (adquīrō), -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītusacquire, gain, obtain, get in addition
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
horror, -ōris m.shuddering, awe, dread
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
trīstitia, -ae, f.sadness
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
revereor, -ērī, -veritus sumrespect, stand in awe of
occursus, -ūs m.meeting; in occursum: to meet
refōrmīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdread, shrink from
vīta, -ae, f.life
sānctitās, -ātis f.holiness, sanctity; purity, integrity
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
pār, parisequal
īnsector, -ārī, -ātus sumpursue, chase; harass
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
homō, hominis, m.man
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
castīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspunish, rebuke; correct, check
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
sed, conj.but
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
pendeō, -ēre, pependīhang, be suspended; hover
persuādeō, -suādēre, -suāsi, -suāsuspersuade, prevail upon, induce
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
iam, adv.now, already
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
mās, maris m.male
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
Iūliānus, -a, -umof Julius (Caesar), Julian; (pl.) Caesar's men
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
tum, adv.then, at that time
velor; vel … vel: either … or
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quod, conj.that, in that, because
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
gener, -erī m.son-in-law
honor, -ōris, m.honor
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
vir, virī, m.man
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
an, conj.or (in questions)
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
nam, conj.for
distringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusstretch apart; keep busy, distract
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
tribūnal, -ālis n.platform, tribunal (where a magistrate sat to judge)
subnotō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswrite underneath; sign (petitions)
libellus, -ī m.little book; written document; libellus repudiī: certificate of divorce
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
tabula, -ae f.tablet, written list
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
illitterātus, -a, -umuneducated, unlettered
littera, -ae f.letter (of the alphabet); pl. letter, writing
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
numquam, adv.never
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
occupātiō, -ōnis f.business, engagement, being busy
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
cōnsōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
philosophia, -ae f.philosophy
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptustake or bring out, produce
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
iūstitia, -ae f.justice, fairness
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
satius, comp. (n.)better, preferable (satius est: it is better)
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cum, prep, with abl.with
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
discō, discere, didicīlearn
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
vacō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumbe empty, be unoccupied
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
expoliō, -īre, -īvī, -ītussmooth off, polish
līmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfile; polish, refine; (with oculo) eye askance, belittle
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
percipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusfeel
dēnegō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrefuse
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae I. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.