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Ovid · Metamorphoses IV

Metamorphoses 4.416–480

Juno descends to the Underworld

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Met. 4.416Tum vērō tōtīs Bacchī memorābile Thēbīs
nūmen erat, magnāsque novī mātertera vīrēs
narrat ubīque deī, dē totque sorōribus expers
ūna dolōris erat, nisi quem fēcēre sorōrēs.
Then indeed the divinity of Bacchus was renowned throughout all Thebes, and his aunt tells everywhere of the great powers of the new god, and of so many sisters she alone was free from grief, except the grief her sisters had caused.
Met. 4.420Adspicit hanc nātīs thalamōque Athamantis habentem
sublīmēs animōs et alumnō nūmine Iūnō,
nec tulit, et sēcum "potuit dē paelice nātus
vertere Maeoniōs pelagōque inmergere nautās
et laceranda suae nātī dare viscera mātrī
425et triplicēs operīre novīs Minyēidas alīs:
nīl poterit Iūnō nisi inultōs flēre dolōrēs?
Juno beholds her, proud in her sons and her marriage to Athamas and her divine foster-child, and she did not bear it, and said to herself: 'The son of a concubine could transform the Maeonian sailors and plunge them in the sea, and give a son's flesh to his own mother to be torn apart, and cover the three daughters of Minyas with strange wings: will Juno be able to do nothing but weep over unavenged wrongs?

Met. 4.427idque mihi satis est?And is that enough for me? Met. 4.427haec ūna potentia nostra est?Is this my only power? Met. 4.428ipse docet, quid agam (fās est et ab hoste docērī),
quidque furor valeat, Pentheā caede satisque
430ac super ostendit: cūr nōn stimulētur eatque
per cognāta suīs exempla furōribus Īnō?"
He himself teaches me what to do (it is right to be taught even by an enemy), and what madness can do he shows enough and more than enough by the slaughter of Pentheus: why should Ino not be goaded and follow, in a madness of her own, the examples of her kin?'
Met. 4.432Est via dēclīvis fūnestā nūbila taxō,
dūcit ad īnfernās per mūta silentia sēdēs.
There is a sloping path, dark with gloomy yew, which leads through mute silence to the infernal abodes.
Met. 4.434Styx nebulās exhālat iners, umbraeque recentēs
435dēscendunt illāc simulācraque fūncta sepulcrīs.
Sluggish Styx breathes out mists, and the newly dead shades go down that way, and the ghosts of those who have received burial.
Met. 4.439Mīlle capāx aditūs et apertās undique portās
440urbs habet, utque fretum dē tōtā flūmina terrā,
sīc omnēs animās locus accipit ille, nec ūllī
exiguus populō est, turbamve accēdere sentit.
The spacious city has a thousand approaches and gates open on every side, and as the sea takes in the rivers from the whole earth, so that place receives all souls, and it is too small for no people, nor does it feel the throng increase.

Met. 4.443Errant exsanguēs sine corpore et ossibus umbrae,
parsque forum celebrant, pars īmī tēcta tyrannī,
445pars aliquās artēs, antīquae imitāmina vītae.
The bloodless shades wander without body or bones, and some throng the forum, some the dwelling of the lowest tyrant, some practise various arts, imitations of their old life.
Met. 4.447Sustinet īre illūc caelestī sēde relictā
(tantum odiīs īraeque dabat) Sāturnia Iūnō.
Saturnian Juno brings herself to go there, leaving her heavenly seat (so much did she yield to hatred and anger).
Met. 4.449Quō simul intrāvit sacrōque ā corpore pressum
450ingemuit līmen, tria Cerberus extulit ōra
et trēs lātrātūs semel ēdidit.
As soon as she entered and the threshold groaned, pressed by her sacred body, Cerberus raised his three mouths and gave three barks at once.
Met. 4.451Illa sorōrēs
Nocte vocat genitās, grave et inplācābile nūmen.
She summons the sisters born of Night, a grim and implacable deity.
Met. 4.453Carceris ante forēs clausās adamante sedēbant
dēque suīs ātrōs pectēbant crīnibus anguēs.
They were sitting before the doors of the prison, shut with adamant, and combing black snakes from their hair.
Met. 4.455Quam simul agnōrunt inter cālīginis umbrās,
surrēxēre deae.
As soon as they recognised her among the shadows of the gloom, the goddesses rose.

Met. 4.456Sēdēs scelerāta vocātur:
viscera praebēbat Tityos lanianda novemque
iūgeribus distentus erat;
The Accursed Seat it is called: Tityos was offering his innards to be torn, and lay stretched over nine acres;
Met. 4.458tibi, Tantale, nūllae
dēprenduntur aquae, quaeque inminet, effūgit arbor;
by you, Tantalus, no waters are caught, and the tree that overhangs you flees away;
Met. 4.460aut petis aut urgēs reditūrum, Sīsyphe, saxum;you either chase or push, Sisyphus, the rock that will roll back; Met. 4.461volvitur Ixīōn et sē sequiturque fugitque;Ixion is whirled round, and both follows and flees himself; Met. 4.462mōlīrīque suīs lētum patruēlibus ausae
adsiduae repetunt, quās perdant, Bēlidēs undās.
and the granddaughters of Belus, who dared to contrive death for their cousins, ceaselessly seek again the waters they are to lose.
Met. 4.464Quōs omnēs aciē postquam Sāturnia torvā
465vīdit et ante omnēs Īxīona, rūrsus ab illō
Sisyphon adspiciēns "cūr hīc ē frātribus" inquit
"perpetuās patitur poenās, Athamanta superbum
rēgia dīves habet, quī mē cum coniuge semper
sprēvit?"
When the Saturnian goddess had looked on them all with grim gaze, and on Ixion before all, looking again from him to Sisyphus, she says: 'Why does this one of the brothers suffer everlasting punishment, while a rich palace holds proud Athamas, who with his wife has always scorned me?'
Met. 4.469et expōnit causās odiīque viaeque,
470quidque velit.
and she explains the reasons for her hatred and her journey, and what she wants.

Met. 4.470Quod vellet, erat, nē rēgia Cadmī
stāret, et in facinus traherent Athamanta sorōrēs.
What she wanted was that the palace of Cadmus should not stand, and that the sisters should drive Athamas to crime.
Met. 4.472Imperium, prōmissa, precēs cōnfundit in ūnum
sollicitatque deās.
Commands, promises, prayers she mingles into one and urges the goddesses on.
Met. 4.473Sīc haec Iūnōne locūtā,
Tīsiphonē, cānōs ut erat turbāta capillōs,
475mōvit et obstantēs rēiēcit ab ōre colubrās
atque ita "nōn longīs opus est ambāgibus" inquit:
"facta putā, quaecumque iubēs.
When Juno had spoken thus, Tisiphone, her white hair dishevelled as it was, shook it and tossed back the snakes that blocked her face, and spoke thus: 'There is no need of long roundabout words: consider done whatever you command.
Met. 4.477Inamābile regnum
dēsere tēque refer caelī meliōris ad aurās."
Leave this unlovely kingdom and take yourself back to the airs of a better sky.'
Met. 4.479Laeta redit Iūnō, quam caelum intrāre parantem
480rōrātis lūstrāvit aquīs Thaumantias Īris.
Juno returns happy, and as she prepared to enter heaven, Iris, daughter of Thaumas, purified her with sprinkled water.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (267 words)
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
memorābilis, -eworth telling, memorable
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
que, enclitic conj.and
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
mātertera, -ae f.aunt (mother's sister)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ubīque (adv.)everywhere
deus, -ī, m.god
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tot (indecl.)so many
soror, -ōris, f.sister
expers, -pertishaving no share in, without (+ gen. or abl.)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
nisi, conj.if not, unless
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
thalamus, -ī m.bedroom; marriage bed; marriage
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sublīmis, -ehigh, lofty; in sublīme: up on high
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alumnus, -ī m.foster-child, nursling
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
paelex (pēlex), -icis f.mistress, concubine, rival
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
Maeonius, -a, -umMaeonian, Lydian; (loosely) Phrygian, Asiatic
pelagus, -ī n.the sea, the open sea
immergō, -ere, -mersī, -mersusplunge in, sink
nauta, -ae, m.sailor
lacerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces; squander, waste
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
viscus, -eris n. (usu. pl. viscera)inner organs, vitals; the heart, the core
māter, mātris, f.mother
triplex, -icisthreefold, triple
operiō, -īre, -uī, -ertuscover
ala, -ae, f.wing
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
inultus, -a, -umunavenged; unpunished
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
noster, -tra, -trumour
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
fās (indecl.) n.what is right by divine law (fās est: it is allowed)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
cūr, adv.why
nōn, adv.not
stimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgoad, spur on, incite
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
cognātus, -ī m.kinsman, relative
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
via, -ae, f.road, way
dēclīvis, -esloping down
fūnestus, -a, -umdeadly, fatal; bringing death and mourning
nūbilus, -a, -umcloudy, overcast
taxus, -ī f.yew tree
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
īnfernus, -a, -umbelow, of the underworld; (pl. as noun) the gods below
mūtus, -a, -umdumb, silent, speechless
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
nebula, -ae f.mist, cloud
exhālō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe out
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
illāc (adv.)that way, by that route
simulācrum, -ī n.image, statue
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
sepulcrum, -ī n.tomb, grave
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
capāx, -ācisroomy, spacious; capable (of: gen.)
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
apertus, -a, -umopen
undique, adv.from or on all sides
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
urbs, urbis, f.city
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fretum, -ī, n.strait
flūmen, -minis, n.river
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
sīc, adv.so, thus
omnis, -eall, every
anima, -ae, f.breath, soul, life
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ūllus, -a, -umany
exiguus, -a, -umsmall, scanty, short
populus, -ī m.people, nation
turba, -ae f.crowd
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
exsanguis, -ebloodless, pale, deathly white
sine, prep. with abl.without
corpus, corporis, n.body
os, ossis n.bone
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrong; keep (a festival), celebrate
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
tyrannus, -ī m.tyrant, despot
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
ars, artis, f.art
antīquus, -a, -umancient
imitāmen, -inis n.imitation, copy, likeness
vīta, -ae, f.life
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
illūc (adv.)to that place, there
caelestis, -eheavenly; pl. as noun: the gods
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
odium, -ī, n.hatred
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
Sāturnius, -a, -umof Saturn; Sāturnia arva: Italy, where Saturn once reigned
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
ingemō, -ere, -gemuīgroan, sigh
līmen, -minis, n.threshold; door
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
lātrātus, -ūs m.barking
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
nox, noctis, f.night
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
implācābilis, -erelentless, that cannot be appeased
carcer, -eris, m.prison
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
forēs, -ium f. pl.door, double door; entrance
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
adamās, -antis m.adamant, the hardest steel
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
pectō, pectere, pexī, pexuscomb
crīnis, -is m.hair, a lock of hair
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
agnōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus, recognize
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cālīgō, -inis f.mist, fog; darkness, gloom
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
dea, -ae f.goddess
scelerātus, -a, -umwicked, criminal
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
laniō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustear to pieces, mangle
novem, indecl. adj.nine
iūgerum, -ī n.a measure of land (about 2/3 acre)
distineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumkeep apart, keep divided
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
dēprendō, -prendere, -prendī, -prēnsusseize, catch; take by surprise
aqua, -ae, f.water
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
arbor, -oris, f.tree
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
volvō, -ere, volvī, volūtusroll, turn over; ponder (multa sēcum volvere)
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
lētum, -ī n.death
patruēlis, -is m./f.cousin on the father's side; father's kinswoman; (adj.) of a cousin
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
unda, -ae, f.wave
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
torvus, -a, -umgrim, fierce, glaring
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
rūrsus, adv.again
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
frāter, frātris, m.brother
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
rēgia, -ae, f.palace
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
cum, prep, with abl.with
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
semper, adv.always
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
volō, velle, voluīwish
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
cānus, -a, -umwhite, grey; (of persons) grey-haired, venerable
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
capillus, -ī m.hair
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
colubra, -ae f.snake, serpent (female)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
opus, operis, n.work, task
ambāgēs, -is f. (mostly pl.)roundabout ways; riddles, dark hints
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
inamābilis, -eunlovely, hateful
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
bonus, -a, -umgood
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
rōrō, -āre, -āvīdrip, be wet, drop dew
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
Ovid, Metamorphoses IV. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.