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Lectitō › Ovid › Metamorphoses, Book 3 › Metamorphoses 3.521–581

Ovid · Metamorphoses III

Metamorphoses 3.521–581

Pentheus defies the new god

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Met. 3.521quem nisi templōrum fueris dignātus honōre,
mīlle lacer spargere locīs et sanguine silvās
foedābis mātremque tuam mātrisque sorōrēs.
and unless you honour him with temples, torn to pieces you will be scattered in a thousand places and will defile the woods with your blood, and your mother and your mother's sisters.
Met. 3.524Ēvenient;It will happen; Met. 3.524neque enim dignābere nūmen honōre,
525mēque sub hīs tenebrīs nimium vīdisse querēris."
for you will not honour the god's power, and you will complain that I, under this darkness, saw too much.'
Met. 3.526Tālia dīcentem prōturbat Echīone nātus.As he says such things, Echion's son thrusts him away. Met. 3.527Dicta fidēs sequitur, respōnsaque vātis aguntur:
Līber adest, fēstīsque fremunt ululātibus agrī;
Fulfilment follows the words, and the prophet's answers come to pass: Liber is here, and the fields roar with festive cries;
Met. 3.529turba ruit, mīxtaeque virīs mātrēsque nurūsque
530vulgusque procerēsque ignōta ad sacra feruntur.
the crowd rushes out, and, mixed with the men, mothers and young wives, commons and nobles, are swept along to the unknown rites.

Met. 3.531"Quis furor, anguigenae, prōlēs Māvortia, vestrās
attonuit mentēs?"
'What madness, snake-born sons, offspring of Mars, has stunned your minds?'
Met. 3.532Pentheus ait: "aerane tantum
aere repulsa valent et aduncō tībia cornū
et magicae fraudēs, ut, quōs nōn bellicus ēnsis,
535nōn tuba terruerit, nōn strictīs agmina tēlīs,
fēmineae vōcēs et mōta īnsānia vīnō
obscēnīque gregēs et inānia tympana vincant?
says Pentheus: 'Has bronze struck on bronze such power, and the pipe with its curved horn, and magic tricks, that you whom no sword of war, no trumpet, no columns with drawn weapons have terrified, are overcome by women's voices and madness stirred by wine, and obscene herds and empty drums?
Met. 3.538Vōsne, senēs, mīrer, quī longa per aequora vectī
hāc Tyron, hāc profugōs posuistis sēde penātēs,
540nunc sinitis sine Mārte capī?
Am I to wonder at you, old men, who sailed over long seas and set down Tyre here, here your exiled household gods, and now allow them to be taken without a fight?
Met. 3.540Vōsne, ācrior aetās,
ō iuvenēs, propiorque meae, quōs arma tenēre,
nōn thyrsōs, galeāque tegī, nōn fronde, decēbat?
or at you, young men, a keener age and nearer my own, whom it befitted to hold arms, not thyrsi, and to be covered with a helmet, not with leaves?

Met. 3.543Este, precor, memorēs, quā sītis stirpe creātī,
illīusque animōs, quī multōs perdidit ūnus,
545sūmite serpentis!
Remember, I beg you, from what stock you were created, and take on the spirit of that serpent who alone destroyed many!
Met. 3.545Prō fontibus ille lacūque
interiit: at vōs prō fāmā vincite vestrā!
He died for his springs and his pool: but you, conquer for your good name!
Met. 3.547Ille dedit lētō fortēs, vōs pellite mollēs
et patrium retinēte decus.
He gave the brave to death; you, drive off the soft and keep your fathers' honour.
Met. 3.548Sī fāta vetābant
stāre diū Thēbās, utinam tormenta virīque
550moenia dīruerent, ferrumque ignisque sonārent!
If the fates forbade Thebes to stand long, I would that engines of war and men were pulling down its walls, and iron and fire were roaring!
Met. 3.551Essēmus miserī sine crīmine, sorsque querenda,
nōn cēlanda foret, lacrimaeque pudōre carērent.
We would be wretched without guilt, and our lot would be one to lament, not to hide, and our tears would be free of shame.
Met. 3.553At nunc ā puerō Thēbae capientur inermī,
quem neque bella iuvant nec tēla nec ūsus equōrum,
555sed madidī murrā crīnēs mollēsque corōnae
purpuraque et pictīs intextum vestibus aurum.
But now Thebes will be taken by an unarmed boy, whom neither wars delight nor weapons nor the use of horses, but hair dripping with myrrh and soft garlands and purple and gold woven into embroidered clothes.

Met. 3.557Quem quidem ego āctūtum (modo vōs absistite) cōgam
adsūmptumque patrem commentaque sacra fatērī.
Him I shall at once (only you stand aside) force to confess that his father is assumed and his rites invented.
Met. 3.559An satis Acrisiō est animī contemnere vānum
560nūmen et Argolicās venientī claudere portās,
Penthea terrēbit cum tōtīs advena Thēbīs?
Or does Acrisius have spirit enough to scorn the false god and shut the gates of Argos against his coming, and will this newcomer terrify Pentheus, along with all of Thebes?
Met. 3.562Īte citī" (famulīs hoc imperat), "īte ducemque
attrahite hūc vinctum!
Go quickly' (this he orders his servants), 'go and drag the ringleader here in chains!
Met. 3.563iussīs mora segnis abestō."Let there be no sluggish delay in my orders.' Met. 3.564Hunc avus, hunc Athamās, hunc cētera turba suōrum
565corripiunt dictīs frūstrāque inhibēre labōrant.
His grandfather, Athamas, and the rest of the crowd of his kin rebuke him with words and struggle in vain to restrain him.
Met. 3.566Ācrior admonitū est, inrītāturque retenta
et crēscit rabiēs, remorāminaque ipsa nocēbant.
He is fiercer for the warning, and his rage is provoked and grows by being held back, and the very restraints were doing harm.

Met. 3.568Sīc ego torrentem, quā nīl obstābat euntī,
lēnius et modicō strepitū dēcurrere vīdī:
570at quācumque trabēs obstrūctaque saxa tenēbant,
spūmeus et fervēns et ab obice saevior ībat.
So I have seen a torrent, where nothing blocked its course, run down more gently and with moderate noise: but wherever beams and piled-up rocks held it back, it went foaming and seething and more savage for the obstacle.
Met. 3.572Ecce cruentātī redeunt et, Bacchus ubi esset,
quaerentī dominō Bacchum vīdisse negārunt;
Look, they come back bloodied, and to their master's question where Bacchus was, they said they had not seen Bacchus;
Met. 3.574"hunc" dīxēre "tamen comitem famulumque sacrōrum
575cēpimus";
'but this man,' they said, 'a companion and servant of his rites, we have captured';
Met. 3.575et trādunt manibus post terga ligātīs
sacra deī quondam Tyrrhēnā gente secūtum.
and they hand over, his hands tied behind his back, one of Tyrrhenian race who had once followed the god's rites.
Met. 3.577Adspicit hunc Pentheus oculīs, quōs īra tremendōs
fēcerat, et quamquam poenae vix tempora differt,
"ō peritūre tuāque aliīs documenta datūre
580morte" ait, "ēde tuum nōmen nōmenque parentum
et patriam, mōrisque novī cūr sacra frequentēs."
Pentheus looks at him with eyes that anger had made terrible, and though he scarcely puts off the time of punishment, 'You who are about to die,' he says, 'and by your death to give a lesson to others, declare your name and the names of your parents and your country, and why you attend the rites of a new custom.'

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (283 words)
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nisi, conj.if not, unless
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dignor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink worthy of (+ abl.)
honor, -ōris, m.honor
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
lacer, -era, -erumtorn, mangled
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake foul, disfigure; desecrate
māter, mātris, f.mother
que, enclitic conj.and
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
soror, -ōris, f.sister
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
nimium (adv.)too, too much
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
tālis, -esuch
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prōturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive off, repel
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
respōnsum, -ī, n.reply, answer, response
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
fēstus, -a, -umof a holiday, festive; diēs fēstus, feast day
fremō, -ere, -uī, -itumroar, growl; grumble (in + acc.: at)
ululātus, -ūs m.howling, yelling, war-cry
ager, agri, m.field, land
turba, -ae f.crowd
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
vir, virī, m.man
nurus, -ūs f.daughter-in-law
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
procerēs, -um m. pl.chiefs, leading men
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
anguigena, -ae m.snake-born; pl. Thebans, sprung from the dragon's teeth
prōlēs, -is f.offspring, children
Māvortius, -a, -umof Mars (Māvors, an old name of the god)
vester, -tra, -trumyour
attonō (adtonō), -āre, -uī, -itusstun, stupefy, drive frantic
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
aduncus, -a, -umhooked, curved
tībia, -ae f.pipe, flute
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
magicus, -a, -ummagic
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōn, adv.not
bellicus, -a, -umof war, military
ēnsis, -is m.sword (a poetic word)
tuba, -ae f.trumpet
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
fēmineus, -a, -umof a woman, a woman's, female
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
īnsānia, -ae, f.madness, insanity
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
obscēnus, -a, -umill-omened, foul, loathsome
grex, gregis m.flock, herd; band, gang
inānis, -eempty
tympanum, -ī n.drum, tambourine
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
vōsplur. of tū
senex, senis, m.old man
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
vehō, vehere, vexī, vectuscarry
profugus, -a, -umfleeing, fugitive; wandering
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
nunc, adv.now
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
sine, prep. with abl.without
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ō (interj.)O! oh!
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
thyrsus, -ī m.thyrsus, ivy-wreathed staff carried by Bacchus and his followers
galea, -ae, f.helmet
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
precor, -ārī, -ātus sumpray, beg
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
stirps, stirpis f.stock, root; family, race
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
serpēns, -entis, f.serpent
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
intereō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusperish, die
at, conj.but
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
lētum, -ī n.death
fortis, -ebrave
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
mollis, -esoft, weak
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
sī, conj.if
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
tormentum, -ī n.artillery, siege engine
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
dīruō, -ruere, -ruī, -rutuspull down, demolish
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
ignis, -is, m.fire
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
sors, sortis, f.lot
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
puer, puerī, m.boy
inermis, -eunarmed
bellum, -ī, n.war
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
equus, -ī, m.horse
sed, conj.but
madidus, -a, -umwet, soaked
murra (myrrha), -ae f.myrrh
crīnis, -is m.hair, a lock of hair
corōna, -ae f.crown, wreath (sub corōnā vēndere: sell as slaves)
purpura, -ae f.purple dye; purple cloth
pingō, -ere, pīnxī, pictuspaint
intexō, -ere, -texuī, -textumweave together
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
aurum, -ī, n.gold
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
āctūtum (adv.)at once, immediately
modo, adv.only
absistō, -ere, abstitīstand away from, keep off
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
assūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up, receive; take to oneself
pater, patris, m.father
commentum, -ī n.invention, fiction, pretence
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
an, conj.or (in questions)
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
Argolicus, -a, -umof Argolis (the district of Greece in which Tiryns was situated), Argolic
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
cum, prep, with abl.with
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
advena, -ae m.newcomer, stranger, foreigner
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
citus, -a, -umquick, swift
famulus, -ī m.servant, slave
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
attrahō (adtrahō), -ere, -trāxī, -tractusdraw towards, drag along; attract
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctusbind
iussum, -ī, n.order, command
mora, -ae, f.delay
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
corripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptusseize, snatch, snatch up
frūstrā, adv.in vain
inhibeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold back, check, rein in
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
admonitus, -ūs m.advice, suggestion (only in abl.: admonitū, at the suggestion of)
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
remorāmen, -inis n.hindrance, check, restraint
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
sīc, adv.so, thus
torrēns, -entis m.torrent, rushing stream; winter stream
quā, adv.in which place, where
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
lēniter (adv.)gently
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
dēcurrō, -currere, -cucurrī, -cursusrun down
quācumque (adv.)wherever, by whatever way
trabs, trabis f.beam
obstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild against, block up
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
spūmeus, -a, -umfoaming
ferveō, -ēreboil; glow, burn
obex, -icis m./f.bar, bolt, barrier; obstacle
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
cruentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstain with blood
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
manus, -ūs, f.hand
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
tergum, -ī, n.back
ligō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustie, bind
deus, -ī, m.god
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
Tyrrhēnus, -a, -umEtruscan; mare Tyrrhēnum: the sea west of Italy
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
oculus, -ī, m.eye
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
tremō, -ere, -uītremble, shake
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quamquam, conj.however much, although
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
documentum, -ī n.lesson, warning, example
mors, mortīs, f.death
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
cūr, adv.why
frequentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvisit often; crowd, fill
Ovid, Metamorphoses III. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.