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Ovid · Metamorphoses XI

Metamorphoses 11.410–591

Ceyx sails and is shipwrecked

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Met. 11.410Intereā frātrisque suī frātremque secūtīs
ānxia prōdigiīs turbātus pectora Cēyx,
cōnsulat ut sacrās, hominum oblectāmina, sortēs,
ad Clarium parat īre deum;
Meanwhile Ceyx, troubled and anxious at heart because of his brother's portents and those that followed his brother's, prepares to go to the Clarian god to consult the holy oracles, the comfort of mankind;
Met. 11.413nam templa profānus
invia cum Phlegyīs faciēbat Delphica Phorbās.
for the impious Phorbas and his Phlegyans were making the Delphic temple impassable.
Met. 11.415Cōnsiliī tamen ante suī, fīdissima, certam
tē facit, Alcyonē;
Yet first he makes you, most faithful Alcyone, aware of his plan;
Met. 11.416cui prōtinus intima frīgus
ossa recēpērunt, buxōque simillimus ōra
pallor obit, lacrimīsque genae maduēre profūsīs.
at once a chill seized her to the inmost bones, a pallor most like boxwood spread over her face, and her cheeks grew wet with streaming tears.
Met. 11.419Ter cōnāta loquī ter flētibus ōra rigāvit,
420singultūque piās interrumpente querellās
"quae mea culpa tuam," dīxit "cārissime, mentem
vertit?
Three times she tried to speak, three times she wet her face with weeping, and, with sobs interrupting her loving complaints, she said: 'What fault of mine, dearest, has turned your mind?

Met. 11.422Ubi est quae cūra meī prior esse solēbat?Where is that care for me which used to come first? Met. 11.423Iam potes Alcyonē sēcūrus abesse relictā?Can you now go away untroubled, leaving Alcyone behind? Met. 11.424Iam via longa placet?Now a long journey pleases you? Met. 11.424Iam sum tibi cārior absēns?Now I am dearer to you when I am absent? Met. 11.425At, putō, per terrās iter est, tantumque dolēbō,
nōn etiam metuam, cūraeque timōre carēbunt.
But, I suppose, the journey is by land, and I shall only grieve, not fear as well, and my cares will be free from dread.
Met. 11.427Aequora mē terrent et pontī trīstis imāgō:
et lacerās nūper tabulās in lītore vīdī,
et saepe in tumulīs sine corpore nōmina lēgī.
It is the seas that frighten me, and the grim face of the deep: just lately I saw shattered planks on the shore, and often I have read names on tombs without bodies.
Met. 11.430Nēve tuum fallāx animum fīdūcia tangat,
quod socer Hippotadēs tibi sit, quī carcere fortēs
contineat ventōs et, cum velit, aequora placet!
And do not let false confidence touch your mind because your father-in-law is the son of Hippotes, who keeps the strong winds in prison and, when he wishes, calms the seas!

Met. 11.433Cum semel ēmissī tenuērunt aequora ventī,
nīl illīs vetitum est, incommendātaque tellūs
435omnis et omne fretum est.
Once the winds are let loose and have taken hold of the seas, nothing is forbidden them, and every land and every sea is left unprotected.
Met. 11.435Caelī quoque nūbila vexant
excutiuntque ferī rutilōs concursibus ignēs.
They harass the clouds of heaven too, and in their wild clashes strike out red fires.
Met. 11.437Quō magis hōs nōvī (nam nōvī et saepe paternā
parvā domō vīdī), magis hōs reor esse timendōs.
The better I know them (for I do know them, and as a little girl I often saw them in my father's house), the more I think they are to be feared.
Met. 11.439Quod tua sī flectī precibus sententia nūllīs,
440cāre, potest, coniūnx, nimiumque es certus eundī,
mē quoque tolle simul.
But if your resolve, dear husband, can be bent by no prayers, and you are too set on going, take me too along with you.
Met. 11.441Certē iactābimur ūnā,
nec nisi quae patiar, metuam: pariterque ferēmus,
quidquid erit, pariter super aequora lāta ferēmur."
Surely we shall be tossed together, and I shall fear only what I suffer: together we shall bear whatever comes, together we shall be borne over the broad seas.'
Met. 11.444Tālibus Aeolidis dictīs lacrimīsque movētur
445sīdereus coniūnx: neque enim minor ignis in ipsō est.
By such words and tears of the daughter of Aeolus her starry husband is moved: for no less a fire burns in him.

Met. 11.446Sed neque prōpositōs pelagī dīmittere cursūs,
nec vult Alcyonēn in partem adhibēre perīclī,
multaque respondit timidum sōlantia pectus.
But he is unwilling either to give up his planned voyage over the sea or to bring Alcyone to share the danger, and he gave many answers to comfort her fearful heart.
Met. 11.449Nōn tamen idcircō causam probat;Not for that, though, does she approve his reason; Met. 11.449addidit illīs
450hoc quoque lēnīmen, quō sōlō flexit amantem:
"Longa quidem est nōbīs omnis mora: sed tibi iūrō
per patriōs ignēs, sī mē modo fāta remittant,
ante reversūrum, quam lūna bis impleat orbem."
he added to them this soothing word as well, with which alone he swayed his loving wife: 'Every delay is long to us indeed; but I swear to you by my father's fires, if only the fates send me back, that I shall return before the moon twice fills her disc.'
Met. 11.454Hīs ubi prōmissīs spēs est admōta recursūs,
455prōtinus ēductam nāvālibus aequore tingī
armārīque suīs pīnum iubet armāmentīs.
When by these promises hope of his return was brought near, at once he orders the pine ship to be drawn out of the dockyard, launched on the sea and fitted with its tackle.

Met. 11.457Quā rūrsus vīsā, velutī praesāga futūrī,
horruit Alcyonē lacrimāsque ēmīsit obortās
amplexūsque dedit, trīstīque miserrima tandem
460ōre "valē" dīxit conlapsaque corpore tōtō est.
Seeing it again, as if foreseeing the future, Alcyone shuddered and let fall the welling tears and gave him embraces, and at last, most wretched, with sorrowful lips she said 'Farewell' and collapsed with her whole body.
Met. 11.461Ast iuvenēs, quaerente morās Cēyce, redūcunt
ōrdinibus geminīs ad fortia pectora remōs
aequālīque ictū scindunt freta.
But the young men, while Ceyx seeks delays, draw back the oars in double rows to their strong chests and cleave the sea with even strokes.
Met. 11.463Sustulit illa
ūmentēs oculōs, stantemque in puppe relictā
465concussāque manū dantem sibi signa marītum
prīma videt redditque notās;
She raised her moist eyes and, left behind, is the first to see her husband standing on the stern and making signs to her with waving hand, and she returns the signals;
Met. 11.466ubi terra recessit
longius atque oculī nequeunt cognōscere vultūs,
dum licet, īnsequitur fugientem lūmine pīnum.
when the land drew farther away and her eyes could no longer recognise his face, while she can, she follows the fleeing ship with her gaze.

Met. 11.469Haec quoque ut haud poterat, spatiō submōta, vidērī,
470vēla tamen spectat summō fluitantia mālō;
When this too, carried off by the distance, could no longer be seen, still she watches the sails fluttering from the top of the mast;
Met. 11.471ut nec vēla videt, vacuum petit ānxia lectum
sēque torō pōnit;
when she no longer sees even the sails, she anxiously seeks her empty bed and lays herself on the couch;
Met. 11.472renovat lectusque locusque
Alcyonae lacrimās et, quae pars, admonet, absit.
the bed and the place renew Alcyone's tears and remind her what part of her is absent.
Met. 11.474Portibus exierant, et mōverat aura rudentēs:
475obvertit laterī pendentēs nāvita remōs
cornuaque in summā locat arbore tōtaque mālō
carbasa dēdūcit venientēsque accipit aurās.
They had left the harbour, and the breeze had stirred the rigging: the sailor turns the hanging oars to the ship's side, sets the yard-arms at the top of the mast, lets down the whole canvas from the mast and catches the coming breezes.
Met. 11.478Aut minus, aut certē medium nōn amplius aequor
puppe secābātur, longēque erat utraque tellūs,
480cum mare sub noctem tumidīs albēscere coepit
flūctibus et praeceps spīrāre valentius eurus.
The ship was cutting through less than half, or certainly not more than half, of the sea, and both lands were far away, when towards night the sea began to whiten with swelling waves and the headlong east wind to blow more strongly.

Met. 11.482"Ardua iamdūdum dēmittite cornua" rēctor
clāmat "et antemnīs tōtum subnectite vēlum."
'Lower the lofty yards at once,' the captain shouts, 'and lash the whole sail to the yards.'
Met. 11.484Hic iubet: impediunt adversae iussa procellae,
485nec sinit audīrī vōcem fragor aequoris ūllam.
He gives orders: the opposing gales hinder the orders, and the roar of the sea lets no voice be heard.
Met. 11.486Sponte tamen properant aliī subdūcere remōs,
pars mūnīre latus, pars ventīs vēla negāre.
Yet of their own accord some hasten to draw in the oars, some to protect the sides, some to deny the sails to the winds.
Met. 11.488Ēgerit hic flūctūs aequorque refundit in aequor,
hic rapit antemnās.
This man bails out the water and pours sea back into sea, this one snatches down the yards.
Met. 11.489Quae dum sine lēge geruntur,
490aspera crēscit hiems, omnīque ē parte ferōcēs
bella gerunt ventī fretaque indignantia miscent.
While these things are done without order, the harsh storm grows, and from every side the fierce winds wage war and churn up the angry waters.
Met. 11.492Ipse pavet nec sē, quī sit status, ipse fatētur
scīre ratis rēctor, nec, quid iubeatve velitve:
tanta malī mōlēs tantōque potentior arte est.
The ship's captain himself is afraid, and he himself admits he does not know what state they are in, nor what to order or wish: so great is the mass of trouble, and so much stronger than his skill.

Met. 11.495Quippe sonant clamōre virī, strīdōre rudentēs,
undārum incursū gravis unda, tonitribus aethēr.
For the men resound with shouting, the rigging with creaking, the heavy sea with the onrush of waves, the sky with thunder.
Met. 11.497Flūctibus ērigitur caelumque aequāre vidētur
pontus et inductās adspergine tangere nūbēs;
The sea is lifted up in waves and seems to equal the sky and to touch the overhanging clouds with its spray;
Met. 11.499et modo, cum fulvās ex īmō vertit harēnās,
500concolor est illīs, Stygia modo nigrior unda,
sternitur interdum spūmīsque sonantibus albet.
and now, when it churns up the tawny sand from the bottom, it is the same colour as the sand, now blacker than the Stygian wave; at times it is laid flat and whitens with roaring foam.
Met. 11.502Ipsa quoque hīs agitur vicibus Trachīnia puppis,
et nunc sublīmis velutī dē vertice montis
dēspicere in vallēs īmumque Acheronta vidētur,
505nunc, ubi dēmissam curvum circumstetit aequor,
suspicere īnfernō summum dē gurgite caelum.
The Trachinian ship herself too is driven by these changes, and now, raised high as from a mountain-top, she seems to look down into the valleys and deepest Acheron, now, when she has sunk and the curving sea stands round her, to look up at the highest heaven from the infernal gulf.

Met. 11.507Saepe dat ingentem flūctū latus icta fragōrem
nec levius pulsāta sonat, quam ferreus ōlim
cum lacerās ariēs ballistave concutit arcēs.
Often, struck on her side by a wave, she gives a huge crash, and sounds no more lightly when battered than when an iron ram or a ballista at times shakes a shattered citadel.
Met. 11.510Utque solent sūmptīs incursū vīribus īre
pectore in arma ferī prōtentaque tēla leōnēs,
sīc ubi sē ventīs admīserat unda coortīs,
ībat in arma ratis multōque erat altior illīs.
And as fierce lions, gathering strength from their charge, are wont to go breast-first against arms and levelled spears, so, whenever the wave had given itself to the rising winds, it went against the ship's defences and was far higher than they.
Met. 11.514Iamque labant cuneī, spoliātaque tegmine cērae
515rīma patet praebetque viam lētālibus undīs.
And now the wedges loosen, and, stripped of its covering of wax, a crack gapes and offers a way to the deadly waters.
Met. 11.516Ecce cadunt largī resolūtīs nūbibus imbrēs,
inque fretum crēdās tōtum dēscendere caelum,
inque plagās caelī tumefactum adscendere pontum.
See, heavy rains fall from the loosened clouds, and you would think the whole sky was coming down into the sea, and the swollen sea rising up into the regions of the sky.

Met. 11.519Vēla madent nimbīs, et cum caelestibus undīs
520aequoreae miscentur aquae;
The sails are soaked with rain, and the waters of the sea mingle with the waters of heaven;
Met. 11.520caret ignibus aethēr,
caecaque nox premitur tenebrīs hiemisque suīsque.
the sky lacks its fires, and the blind night is weighed down by the darkness of the storm and by its own.
Met. 11.522Discutiunt tamen hās praebentque micantia lūmen
fulmina: fulmineīs ārdēscunt ignibus ignēs.
Yet flashing lightning bolts scatter this darkness and give light: fires flare up with the fires of the lightning.
Met. 11.524Dat quoque iam saltūs intrā cava texta carīnae
525flūctus;
Now too the wave leaps inside the hollow framework of the hull;
Met. 11.525et ut mīles, numerō praestantior omnī,
cum saepe adsiluit dēfēnsae moenibus urbis,
spē potītur tandem laudisque accēnsus amōre
inter mīlle virōs mūrum tamen occupat ūnus,
sīc, ubi pulsārunt noviēns latera ardua flūctūs,
530vastius īnsurgēns decimae ruit impetus undae;
and as a soldier, finer than all the rest, when he has often assaulted the walls of a defended city, at last achieves his hope and, fired by love of glory, alone among a thousand men still seizes the wall, so, when the waves have battered the high sides nine times, the onset of the tenth wave rushes in, rising more hugely;
Met. 11.531nec prius absistit fessam oppugnāre carīnam,
quam velut in captae dēscendat moenia nāvis.
nor does it cease attacking the weary ship until it comes down, as it were, within the walls of the captured vessel.

Met. 11.533Pars igitur temptābat adhūc invādere pīnum,
pars maris intus erat.
So part of the sea was still trying to invade the ship, part was already inside.
Met. 11.534Trepidant haud segnius omnēs,
535quam solet urbs, aliīs mūrum fodientibus extrā
atque aliīs mūrum, trepidāre, tenentibus intus.
All are in panic, no less than a city is wont to panic when some are undermining the wall outside and others hold the wall within.
Met. 11.537Dēficit ars animīque cadunt, totidemque videntur,
quot veniunt flūctūs, ruere atque inrumpere mortēs.
Skill fails and spirits sink, and as many deaths seem to rush and break in as there are waves coming.
Met. 11.539Nōn tenet hic lacrimās, stupet hic, vocat ille beātōs,
540fūnera quōs maneant: hic vōtīs nūmen adōrat
bracchiaque ad caelum, quod nōn videt, inrita tollēns
poscit opem, subeunt illī frāterque parēnsque,
huic cum pignoribus domus et quodcumque relictum est.
This one cannot hold back his tears, this one is stunned, that one calls those blessed whom funeral rites await; this one worships a god with vows and, raising his arms in vain to the sky he cannot see, begs for help; to that one come thoughts of brother and parent, to this one his home with his children, and whatever he has left behind.

Met. 11.544Alcyonē Cēyca movet, Cēycis in ōre
545nūlla nisi Alcyonē est;
Alcyone moves Ceyx; on Ceyx's lips there is no one but Alcyone;
Met. 11.545et cum dēsīderet ūnam,
gaudet abesse tamen.
and though he longs for her alone, yet he is glad she is absent.
Met. 11.546Patriae quoque vellet ad ōrās
respicere inque domum suprēmōs vertere vultūs,
vērum ubi sit, nescit;
He would like, too, to look back towards the shores of his homeland and turn his last gaze towards his home, but he does not know where it is;
Met. 11.548tantā vertīgine pontus
fervet, et inducta piceīs ē nūbibus umbra
550omne latet caelum, duplicātaque noctis imāgō est.
with such a whirl the sea boils, and in the shadow drawn over it from pitch-black clouds the whole sky is hidden, and the face of night is doubled.
Met. 11.551Frangitur incursū nimbōsī turbinis arbor,
frangitur et regimen, spoliīsque animōsa superstes
unda, velut victrīx, sinuātaque dēspicit undās,
nec levius, quam sīquis Athōn Pindumve revulsōs
555sēde suā tōtōs in apertum ēverterit aequor,
praecipitāta cadit pariterque et pondere et ictū
mergit in īma ratem;
The mast is broken by the onslaught of a rain-laden whirlwind, the rudder is broken too, and the wave, standing proudly over its spoils, like a victor, arches itself and looks down on the waves, and no less heavily than if someone had torn Athos or Pindus whole from their places and overturned them into the open sea, it falls headlong, and with weight and blow together sinks the ship to the depths;
Met. 11.557cum quā pars magna virōrum,
gurgite pressa gravī neque in āera reddita, fātō
fūncta suō est: aliī partēs et membra carīnae
560trunca tenent: tenet ipse manū, quā scēptra solēbat,
fragmina nāvigiī Cēyx socerumque patremque
invocat heu!
with it a great part of the men, overwhelmed by the heavy flood and never given back to the air, met their fate: others cling to pieces and broken parts of the ship: Ceyx himself holds fragments of the vessel with the hand that used to hold the sceptre, and calls on his father-in-law and his father, alas!

Met. 11.562frūstrā.in vain. Met. 11.562Sed plūrima nantis in ōre
Alcyonē coniūnx: illam meminitque refertque,
illīus ante oculōs ut agant sua corpora flūctūs,
565optat et exanimis manibus tumulētur amīcīs.
But most often on the swimmer's lips is his wife Alcyone: he remembers her and repeats her name, he prays that the waves may carry his body before her eyes and that, lifeless, he may be buried by loving hands.
Met. 11.566Dum natat, absentem, quotiēns sinit hīscere flūctus,
nōminat Alcyonēn ipsīsque inmurmurat undīs.
While he swims, as often as the waves let him open his mouth, he names the absent Alcyone and murmurs it to the very waves.
Met. 11.568Ecce super mediōs flūctūs niger arcus aquārum
frangitur et rupta mersum caput obruit unda.
See, over the middle of the waves a black arch of water breaks, and the head is overwhelmed and sunk beneath the bursting wave.
Met. 11.570Lūcifer obscūrus nec quem cognōscere possēs
illā lūce fuit, quoniamque excēdere caelō
nōn licuit, dēnsīs tēxit sua nūbibus ōra.
Lucifer was dim that morning, so that you could not have recognised him, and since he was not allowed to leave the sky, he covered his face with thick clouds.

Met. 11.573Aeolis intereā tantōrum ignāra malōrum
dīnumerat noctēs, et iam, quās induat ille
575festīnat vestēs, iam quās, ubi vēnerit ille,
ipsa gerat, reditūsque sibi prōmittit inānēs.
Meanwhile the daughter of Aeolus, unaware of such disasters, counts the nights, and now hastens to make the clothes he will put on, now those she herself will wear when he comes, and promises herself a return that will never be.
Met. 11.577Omnibus illa quidem superīs pia tūra ferēbat,
ante tamen cūnctōs Iūnōnis templa colēbat
prōque virō, quī nūllus erat, veniēbat ad ārās
580utque foret sōspes coniūnx suus utque redīret,
optābat, nūllamque sibi praeferret;
She indeed brought pious incense to all the gods above, but before them all she worshipped at the temple of Juno, and came to the altars for a husband who no longer existed, and prayed that her husband might be safe and might return, and that he might prefer no other woman to her;
Met. 11.581at illī
hoc dē tot vōtīs poterat contingere sōlum.
but of so many prayers only this one could be granted to her.
Met. 11.583At dea nōn ultrā prō fūnctō morte rogārī
sustinet;
But the goddess cannot bear to be entreated any longer on behalf of one who is dead;
Met. 11.584utque manūs fūnestās arceat ārīs,
585"Īrī, meae" dīxit "fīdissima nūntia vōcis,
vīse sopōriferam Somnī vēlōciter aulam
exstīnctīque iubē Cēycis imāgine mittat
somnia ad Alcyonēn vērōs narrantia cāsūs."
and to keep the hands of mourning from her altars, she said: 'Iris, most faithful messenger of my voice, go swiftly to the sleep-bringing hall of Sleep and bid him send to Alcyone dreams in the likeness of dead Ceyx, telling the true story of what befell him.'
Met. 11.589Dīxerat: induitur vēlāmina mīlle colōrum
590Īris, et arcuātō caelum curvāmine signāns
tēcta petit iussī sub nūbe latentia rēgis.
She had spoken: Iris puts on her robes of a thousand colours and, marking the sky with her arching curve, seeks the dwelling of the king she was bidden to, hidden beneath a cloud.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×11, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×8, purpose clauses ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (618 words)
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
frāter, frātris, m.brother
que, enclitic conj.and
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
homō, hominis, m.man
oblectāmen, -inis n.delight, pastime
sors, sortis, f.lot
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
Clarius, -a, -umof Claros, site of Apollo's oracle in Ionia; epithet of Apollo
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
deus, -ī, m.god
nam, conj.for
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
profānus, -a, -umnot sacred, common, profane
invius, -a, -umpathless, impassable
cum, prep, with abl.with
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
Delphicus, -a, -umof Delphi, Delphic, Delphian
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
intimus, -a, -uminnermost; most intimate; as noun: close friend
frīgus, -oris n.cold
os, ossis n.bone
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
buxus, -ī f.box tree; boxwood (pale yellow)
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
obeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to meet; attend to, carry out
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
gena, -ae f.cheek
madeō, -ēre, -uībe wet
profundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out; squander
ter (adv.)three times
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
flētus, -ūs m.weeping
rigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswater, wet
singultus, -ūs m.sob; hiccup
pius, -a, -umdutiful, devoted, pious
interrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak down, break apart
querella (querēla), -ae f.complaint, lament
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
iam, adv.now, already
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
via, -ae, f.road, way
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
absēns, -entisabsent, away
at, conj.but
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
nōn, adv.not
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
timor, -ōris, m.fear
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
lacer, -era, -erumtorn, mangled
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
tabula, -ae f.tablet, written list
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
saepe, adv.often, frequently
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
sine, prep. with abl.without
corpus, corporis, n.body
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
fallāx, -ācisdeceitful, treacherous
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
quod, conj.that, in that, because
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
carcer, -eris, m.prison
fortis, -ebrave
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
ventus, -ī, m.wind
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
volō, velle, voluīwish
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
incommendātus, -a, -umunprotected, left at the mercy (of)
tellūs, -ūris f.earth, land (poetic)
omnis, -eall, every
fretum, -ī, n.strait
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
quoque, adv.also
nūbilum, -ī n.cloud (usually pl.: the clouds)
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
ferus, -a, -umwild, savage
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
ignis, -is, m.fire
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nōscō, -ere, nōvī, nōtumget to know (perf. nōvī: know)
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
sī, conj.if
flectō, -ere, flexī, flexusbend, turn
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
nimium (adv.)too, too much
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
ūnātogether, along
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
nisi, conj.if not, unless
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
tālis, -esuch
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
sīdereus, -a, -umstarry; shining like the stars
enim, conj.for
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sed, conj.but
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
pelagus, -ī n.the sea, the open sea
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
sōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console; relieve
idcircō (adv.)for that reason
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
lēnīmen, -inis n.comfort, solace
sōlus, -a, -umalone
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
nōsplur. of ego
mora, -ae, f.delay
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
modo, adv.only
fātum, -ī, n.destiny, fate
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
lūna, -ae f.moon
bis (adv.)twice
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
spēs, speī, f.hope
admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove up, bring near
recursus, -ūs m.running back, return; ebb (of the sea)
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
nāvālia, -ium n. pl.dockyard, docks
tingō, tingere, tinxī, tinctuswet, soak, dye
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
pīnus, -ūs or -ī f.pine tree; (poetic) a ship
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
armāmentum, -ī n.tackle, gear of a ship (usually plural)
rūrsus, adv.again
velutī (adv.)just as, as if
praesāgus, -a, -umforeboding, prophetic
horrēscō, -ere, horruīshudder, begin to tremble (at)
oborior, -īrī, -ortus sumarise, spring up; (of tears) well up
amplexus, -ūs m.embrace
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
collābor (conlābor), -lābī, -lapsus sumfall together, collapse, faint
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
ast (conj.)but (older form of at)
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
redūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring back; restore
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
rēmus, -ī, m.oar
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
īctus, -ūs, m.blow
scindō, -ere, scidī, scissumtear down, cut
ūmeō, -ērebe moist, be damp
oculus, -ī, m.eye
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
puppis, -is f.stern of a ship
concutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake violently; shake, weaken
manus, -ūs, f.hand
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
marītus, -ī, m.husband
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
longē, adv.far
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
lūmen, -minis, n.light
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
vēlum, -ī n.sail
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
fluitō, -āre, -āvīfloat, drift
mālus, -ī, m.mast
vacuus, -a, -umempty
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
lectus, -ī m.bed, couch
torus, -ī m.cushion, mattress; couch
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
renovō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrenew
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
aura, -ae, f.air, breeze
rudēns, -entis m.rope; (pl.) the rigging
obvertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusturn towards
latus, lateris n.side, flank
pendeō, -ēre, pependīhang, be suspended; hover
nāvita, -ae m.sailor, boatman (poetic for nauta)
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplace; let out a contract for (a public work)
arbor, -oris, f.tree
carbasus, -ī f. (pl. carbasa)fine linen; a sail
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
minus, comp. adv.less
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
amplius (adv.)more, further
secō, -āre, secuī, sectuscut; (of fodder) mow
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
mare, maris, n.sea
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
nox, noctis, f.night
tumidus, -a, -umswollen, swelling
albēscō, -eregrow white, grow light (of dawn)
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
flūctus, -ūs m.wave
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
spīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbreathe; (of wind) blow
valenter (adv.)strongly, powerfully, loudly
arduus, -a, -umsteep, difficult
iamdūdum (adv.)long since; for a long time now
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
rēctor, -ōris m.ruler, guide, director
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
antemna, -ae f.yard (the spar that holds a sail)
subnectō, -ere, -nexuī, -nexumtie underneath, fasten
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
iussum, -ī, n.order, command
procella, -ae f.storm, gale
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
fragor, -ōris m.crash, din
ūllus, -a, -umany
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
properō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushasten
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
ēgerō, -gerere, -gessī, -gestuscarry out, bring out; throw up, vomit
refundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour back; (pass.) flow back
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
lēx, lēgis f.law
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
hiems, hiemis f.winter
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
bellum, -ī, n.war
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
paveō, -ēre, pāvībe terrified, tremble
status, -ūs m.condition, state
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
ratis, -is f.raft
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
potēns, -entispowerful
ars, artis, f.art
quippe (adv.)of course, indeed, for
sonō, -āre, sonuī, sonitusmake a sound, sound
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
vir, virī, m.man
strīdor, -ōris m.creaking, shrieking
unda, -ae, f.wave
incursus, -ūs m.attack, onrush
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
tonitrus, -ūs m.thunder
aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera)the upper air, the sky
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
aequō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake equal
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
aspergō (adspergō), -inis f.a sprinkling, spray, splash
nūbēs, -is, f.cloud
fulvus, -a, -umtawny, yellow-brown
īmus, -a, -umlowest (ab īmō: from the bottom)
harēna, -ae, f.sand; shore
concolor, -ōrisof the same colour
Stygius, -a, -umof the Styx, Stygian; of the underworld
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
sternō, -ere, strāvī, strātusspread out; furnish with couches (of a room)
interdum (adv.)sometimes
spūma, -ae f.foam
albeō, -ērebe white
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
Trachīnius, -a, -umof Trachis in Thessaly
nunc, adv.now
sublīmis, -ehigh, lofty; in sublīme: up on high
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vertex, -icis m.top of the head, crown; summit
mōns, montis, m.mountain
dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook down on, despise
vallis, -is, f.valley
curvus, -a, -umcurved, bent
circumstō, -stāre, -stetīstand around
suspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook up (at); admire
īnfernus, -a, -umbelow, of the underworld; (pl. as noun) the gods below
gurges, -itis m.whirlpool; the deep, the sea
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
leviter, adv.slightly
pulsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspush or strike against, knock, knock at
ferreus, -a, -umof iron, iron
ōlim, adv.once upon a time, once, formerly, of old
ariēs, -etis, m.ram
ballista (balista), -ae f.ballista, a siege engine for hurling missiles
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
prōtendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out, hold out
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
leō, -ōnis, m.lion
sīc, adv.so, thus
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
labō, -āre, -āvītotter, waver (short a: not lābor, slip)
cuneus, -ī m.wedge; a wedge-shaped formation of troops
spoliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstrip, rob
tegimen (tegumen), -inis n.covering, protection
cēra, -ae f.wax; a wax-covered writing tablet
rīma, -ae f.crack, chink, fissure
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
lētālis, -edeadly, fatal
ecce (interj.)look! see! here is
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
largus, -a, -umabundant, plentiful; generous
resolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusuntie, loosen; release; break (bonds, oaths)
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
plāga, -ae f.blow, wound; affliction, illness
tumefaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factusmake swell, puff up
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
nimbus, -ī m.rain-cloud, storm-cloud
caelestis, -eheavenly; pl. as noun: the gods
aequoreus, -a, -umof the sea, sea-
aqua, -ae, f.water
caecus, -a, -umblind
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
discutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshatter; clear away
micō, -āre, -uīflash, glitter
fulmen, -inis n.thunderbolt, lightning
fulmineus, -a, -umlike lightning, flashing
ārdēscō, -ere, ārsīcatch fire, blaze up; grow passionate
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
intrā, prep. with acc.within
cavus, -a, -umhollow
textum, -ī n.woven cloth, fabric
carīna, -ae f.keel; hull
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
numerus, -ī, m.number
praestāns, -stantis, adj.preëminent, remarkable
adsiliō (assiliō), -īre, -siluīleap at or upon; dash against
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
urbs, urbis, f.city
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
amor, -ōris, m.love
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
noviēns (adv.)nine times
vastē (adv.)vastly, widely; violently
īnsurgō, -ere, -surrēxī, -surrēctumrise up, rise to (a blow); rise against
decimus, -a, -umtenth
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
prius, adv.before, first
absistō, -ere, abstitīstand away from, keep off
fessus, -a, -umexhausted, worn out, weary
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
veluteven or just as, as
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
nāvis, -is, f.ship
igitur, conj.therefore
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
intus (adv.)inside, within
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
segniter (adv.)sluggishly, lazily, half-heartedly
fodiō, -ere, fōdī, fossusdig
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
totidem (indecl.)just as many
quot (indecl.)how many
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
mors, mortīs, f.death
stupeō, -ēre, -uībe stunned, astounded, or amazed
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
adōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusworship, bow down to; entreat
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
pignus, -oris n.pledge, token, keepsake
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
vertīgō, -inis f.whirling, turning; dizziness
ferveō, -ēreboil; glow, burn
piceus, -a, -umpitch-black
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
lateō, -ēre, -uīlie hid, be concealed
duplicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdouble
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
nimbōsus, -a, -umstormy, cloud-bringing
regimen, -inis n.direction, guidance, control; government
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
animōsus, -a, -umhigh-spirited, bold, proud
superstes, -stitissurviving, outliving (dat.)
victrīx, -īcis (f. adj. and noun)victorious; conqueror (feminine)
sinuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, curve, coil
sī quis, sī qua, sī quidif anyone, if any (sī + the indefinite quis)
revellō, -ere, revellī, revulsumpull away, tear off
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
apertus, -a, -umopen
ēvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusoverturn, overthrow, destroy
praecipitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow headlong; sē praecipitāre: hurl oneself
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
mergō, mergere, mersī, mersusdip, plunge, sink
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
āēr, āeris, m.air
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
membrum, -ī, n.limb, member
truncus, -ī m.tree trunk
scēptrum, -ī n.sceptre; royal power
fragmen, -inis n.fragment, piece broken off
nāvigium, -ī n.vessel, ship
pater, patris, m.father
invocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall upon, invoke
heu (interj.)alas! oh!
frūstrā, adv.in vain
nō, nāre, nāvīswim
meminī, meminisseremember
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
exanimis, -elifeless; breathless, terrified
tumulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury, lay in a tomb
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
natō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswim, float
quotiēns (adv.)how many times; as often as
hīscō, -ereopen the mouth; try to speak, stammer out
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
immurmurō (inmurmurō), -āremurmur into, whisper to
arcus, -ūs, m.bow
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
caput, capitis, n.head
obruō, -ere, -ruī, -rutusoverwhelm, bury, crush
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
lūx, lūcis, f.light
quoniam, conj.since now, since
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
dīnumerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount up, reckon
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhurry, make haste
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
reditus, -ūs, m.return
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
inānis, -eempty
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
tūs, tūris n.incense
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
āra, -ae, f.altar
sōspes, -itissafe and sound, unharmed
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
tot (indecl.)so many
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
dea, -ae f.goddess
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
fūnestus, -a, -umdeadly, fatal; bringing death and mourning
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
nūntia, -ae f.messenger (female)
vīsō, -ere, vīsī, vīsumgo to see, visit; look at
sopōrifer, -fera, -ferumbringing sleep, sleep-inducing
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
vēlōciter (adv.)swiftly
aula, -ae f.courtyard; hall, palace
exstinguō, -ere, -stīnxī, -stīnctusput out, extinguish; destroy
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
somnium, -ī n.dream
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
vēlāmen, -inis n.covering, veil
color, -ōris, m.color
arcuātus, -a, -umarched, covered with an arched hood
curvāmen, -inis n.a bend, curve
signō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, seal; certify
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
rēx, rēgis, m.king
Ovid, Metamorphoses XI. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.