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Nepos · Datames

Nepos, Datames 8

Victory over Autophradates' vast army

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Dat. 8.1Haec etsī Autophrodatēs vidēbat, tamen statim māluit congredī quam cum tantīs cōpiīs refugere aut tam diū ūnō locō sedēre.Although Autophradates saw this, he still preferred to engage at once rather than retreat with such great forces or sit so long in one place. Dat. 8.2Habēbat barbarōrum equitum vīgintī, peditum centum mīlia, quōs illī Cardacas appellant, eiusdemque generis tria mīlia funditōrum, praetereā Cappadocum octō mīlia, Armeniōrum decem mīlia, Paphlagonum quīnque mīlia, Phrygum decem mīlia, Lȳdōrum quīnque mīlia, Aspendiōrum et Pisidārum circiter tria mīlia, Cilicum duo mīlia, Captiānōrum totidem, ex Graeciā conductōrum tria mīlia, levis armātūrae maximum numerum.He had twenty thousand barbarian cavalry and a hundred thousand infantry, whom they call Cardaces, and three thousand slingers of the same race, besides eight thousand Cappadocians, ten thousand Armenians, five thousand Paphlagonians, ten thousand Phrygians, five thousand Lydians, about three thousand Aspendians and Pisidians, two thousand Cilicians, as many Captianians, three thousand hired from Greece, and a very great number of light-armed troops. Dat. 8.3Hās adversus cōpiās spēs omnis cōnsistēbat Datamī in sē locīque nātūrā (namque huius partem nōn habēbat vīcēsimam mīlitum).Against these forces all Datames' hope rested in himself and in the nature of the ground (for he did not have a twentieth part of this number of soldiers).

Dat. 8.3Quibus frētus cōnflīxit adversāriōrumque multa mīlia concīdit, cum dē ipsīus exercitū nōn amplius hominum mīlle cecidisset.Relying on these, he joined battle and cut down many thousands of his opponents, while of his own army no more than a thousand men fell. Dat. 8.3Quam ob causam posterō diē tropaeum posuit, quō locō prīdiē pugnātum erat.For this reason on the following day he set up a trophy on the spot where the battle had been fought the day before. Dat. 8.4Hinc cum castra mōvisset semperque īnferior cōpiīs superior omnibus proeliīs discēderet, quod numquam manum cōnsereret, nisi cum adversāriōs locōrum angustiīs clausisset, quod perītō regiōnum callidēque cōgitantī saepe accidēbat, Autophrodatēs, cum bellum dūcī maiōre rēgis calamitāte quam adversāriōrum vidēret, pācem amīcitiamque prīstinam memorāns eum hortātus est, ut cum rēge in grātiam redīret.When he had moved camp from there and, though always inferior in forces, always came off superior in every battle, because he never joined combat unless he had shut his opponents into narrow places, which often happened to a man who knew the country and planned cunningly, Autophradates, seeing that the war was being prolonged with greater loss to the king than to his opponents, reminded him of peace and their former friendship and urged him to return to favour with the king.

Dat. 8.6Quam ille etsī fīdam nōn fore putābat, tamen condiciōnem accēpit sēque ad Artaxerxem lēgātōs missūrum dīxit.Although Datames thought it would not be trustworthy, he nevertheless accepted the terms and said that he would send envoys to Artaxerxes. Dat. 8.6Sīc bellum, quod rēx adversus Datamēn suscēperat, sēdātum est.So the war which the king had undertaken against Datames was settled. Dat. 8.6Autophrodatēs in Phrygiam sē recēpit.Autophradates withdrew into Phrygia.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (126 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
etsī, conj.even if, although
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cum, prep, with abl.with
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
refugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee back, run away, retreat
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
tam, adv.so
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
centum, indecl. adj.one hundred
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
que, enclitic conj.and
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
funditor, -ōris m.slinger
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
octō (indecl.)eight
decem, indecl. adj.ten
quīnquefive
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
totidem (indecl.)just as many
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
condūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumbring together, assemble
levis, -elight, slight
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
numerus, -ī, m.number
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
spēs, speī, f.hope
omnis, -eall, every
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
namque, conj.for
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
nōn, adv.not
vīcēsimus, -a, -umtwentieth
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
cōnflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxī, -flīctusdash together
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
concīdō, -ere, concīdī, concīsumcut down, kill
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
amplius (adv.)more, further
homō, hominis, m.man
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
tropaeum, -ī n.trophy, monument of victory; a victory
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
prīdiē (adv.)the day before
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
semper, adv.always
īnferior, -iuslower
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
quod, conj.that, in that, because
numquam, adv.never
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cōnserō, -ere, -seruī, -sertusjoin, fasten together; manum (manūs) cōnserere: come to blows, engage
nisi, conj.if not, unless
angustiae, -ārum f. pl.narrow pass, defile
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.)skilled, experienced (in)
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
callidē (adv.)shrewdly, cleverly
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
saepe, adv.often, frequently
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
bellum, -ī, n.war
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
rēx, rēgis, m.king
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
pāx, pācis f.peace
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
prīstinus, -a, -umformer
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
hortor, -ārī, -ātusexhort, encourage, urge
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
sīc, adv.so, thus
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
Nepos, Datames. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.