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Nepos · Datames

Nepos, Datames 6

A desertion turned to victory

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Dat. 6.1Sed haec propter hiemāle tempus minus prosperē prōcēdēbant.But because of the winter season these plans went forward less successfully. Dat. 6.1Audit Pisidās quōsdam cōpiās adversus sē parāre.He hears that certain Pisidians are preparing forces against him. Dat. 6.1Fīlium eō Arsidaeum cum exercitū mittit;He sends his son Arsidaeus there with an army; Dat. 6.1cadit in proeliō adulēscēns.the young man falls in battle. Dat. 6.1Proficīscitur eō pater nōn ita magnā cum manū, cēlāns, quantum vulnus accēpisset, quod prius ad hostem pervenīre cupiēbat, quam dē male rē gestā fāma ad suōs pervenīret, nē cognitā fīliī morte animī dēbilitārentur mīlitum.The father sets out there with no very large force, concealing how great a wound he had received, because he wished to reach the enemy before the report of the defeat reached his men, so that the soldiers' spirits should not be weakened by learning of his son's death. Dat. 6.2Quō contenderat, pervēnit iīsque locīs castra pōnit, ut neque circumīrī multitūdine adversāriōrum posset neque impedīrī, quōminus ipse ad dīmicandum manum habēret expedītam.He arrived where he had been hurrying and pitched camp in such a place that he could neither be surrounded by the multitude of his opponents nor prevented from having his own force ready for battle.

Dat. 6.3Erat cum eō Mithrobarzanēs, socer eius, praefectus equitum.With him was Mithrobarzanes, his father-in-law, commander of the cavalry. Dat. 6.3Is dēspērātīs generī rēbus ad hostēs trānsfūgit.He, despairing of his son-in-law's fortunes, deserted to the enemy. Dat. 6.3Id Datamēs ut audīvit, sēnsit, sī in turbam exīsset ab homine tam necessāriō sē relictum, futūrum ut cēterī idem cōnsilium sequerentur;When Datames heard this, he realised that if it got out among the crowd that he had been abandoned by a man so closely connected with him, the rest would follow the same course; Dat. 6.4itaque in vulgus ēdit suō iussū Mithrobarzanem profectum prō perfugā, quō facilius receptus interficeret hostēs: quārē relinquī eum pār nōn esse et omnēs cōnfestim sequī.so he gives out publicly that Mithrobarzanes had gone on his orders as a pretended deserter, so that, once received, he might more easily slaughter the enemy: therefore it was not right that he should be abandoned, and all should follow at once. Dat. 6.4Quod sī animō strēnuō fēcissent, futūrum ut adversāriī nōn possent resistere, cum et intrā vallum et forīs caederentur.If they did this with vigorous spirit, the enemy would be unable to resist, since they would be cut down both inside their rampart and outside it.

Dat. 6.5Hāc rē probātā exercitum ēdūcit, Mithrobarzanem persequitur, quī tantum quod ad hostēs pervēnerat, cum Datamēs signa īnferrī iubet.This being approved, he leads out the army and pursues Mithrobarzanes, who had only just reached the enemy when Datames orders the standards to advance. Dat. 6.6Pisidae novā rē commōtī in opīniōnem addūcuntur perfugās malā fidē compositōque fēcisse, ut receptī maiōrī essent calamitātī.The Pisidians, disturbed by this strange turn, are led to believe that the deserters had acted in bad faith and by arrangement, so that once received they might bring the greater disaster. Dat. 6.6Prīmum eōs adoriuntur.They attack them first. Dat. 6.6Illī cum, quid agerētur aut quārē fieret, ignōrārent, coāctī sunt cum iīs pugnāre, ad quōs trānsierant, ab iīsque stāre, quōs relīquerant: quibus cum neutrī parcerent, celeriter sunt concīsī.These men, since they did not know what was going on or why it was happening, were forced to fight against those to whom they had gone over and to stand with those whom they had left: and as neither side spared them, they were quickly cut to pieces.

Dat. 6.7Reliquōs Pisidās resistentēs Datamēs invādit: prīmō impetū pellit, fugientēs persequitur, multōs interficit, castra hostium capit.Datames attacks the rest of the Pisidians as they resist: he drives them back at the first charge, pursues them as they flee, kills many, and takes the enemy's camp. Dat. 6.8Tālī cōnsiliō ūnō tempore et prōditōrēs perculit et hostēs prōflīgāvit, et, quod ad perniciem suam fuerat cōgitātum, id ad salūtem convertit.By such a plan he at one and the same time struck down the traitors and routed the enemy, and turned what had been designed for his ruin into his salvation. Dat. 6.8Quō neque acūtius ūllīus imperātōris cōgitātum neque celerius factum usquam lēgimus.We have read nowhere of any general's plan more shrewdly conceived or more swiftly carried out than this.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (167 words)
sed, conj.but
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
hiemālis, -eof winter, wintry, stormy
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
minus, comp. adv.less
prosperē (adv.)successfully, favourably
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
fīlius, -ī, m.son
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
cum, prep, with abl.with
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
pater, patris, m.father
nōn, adv.not
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
quod, conj.that, in that, because
prius, adv.before, first
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
male, adv.badly, ill
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
mors, mortīs, f.death
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
que, enclitic conj.and
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
sī quō minus (adv. phrase)if it were otherwise, if not
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
socer, -erī m.father-in-law
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
gener, -erī m.son-in-law
trānsfugiō, -ere, -fūgīdesert, go over to the enemy
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
sī, conj.if
turba, -ae f.crowd
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
homō, hominis, m.man
tam, adv.so
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
vulgus, -ī n.the common people, the crowd
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
perfuga, -ae m.deserter
facile, adv.easily
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
pār, parisequal
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
omnis, -eall, every
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
strēnuus, -a, -umactive, vigorous, energetic
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
intrā, prep. with acc.within
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
forīs, adv.out of doors, without
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
malus, -a, -umbad
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
compositum, -ī n.agreement; ex compositō: by arrangement, as agreed
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
concīdō, -ere, concīdī, concīsumcut down, kill
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
tālis, -esuch
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
prōditor, -ōris m.traitor
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
prōflīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumrout, defeat utterly
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
acūtē (adv.)sharply; (of sound) shrilly, at a high pitch
ūllus, -a, -umany
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
usquam (adv.)anywhere
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
Nepos, Datames. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.