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Nepos · Alcibiades

Nepos, Alcibiades 5

Alcibiades returns to Athenian command

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Alc. 5.1Neque vērō hīs rēbus tam amīcī Alcibiadī sunt factī quam timōre ab eō aliēnātī.Yet by these services they were not made friends to Alcibiades so much as alienated from him by fear. Alc. 5.1Nam cum ācerrimī virī praestantem prūdentiam in omnibus rēbus cognōscerent, pertimuērunt nē cāritāte patriae ductus aliquandō ab ipsīs dēscīsceret et cum suīs in grātiam redīret.For when they recognised the outstanding shrewdness of this most energetic man in every matter, they became afraid that, led by love of his country, he might one day desert them and be reconciled with his own people. Alc. 5.1Itaque tempus eius interficiundī quaerere īnstituērunt.So they began to look for an opportunity to kill him. Alc. 5.2Id Alcibiadēs diūtius cēlārī nōn potuit: erat enim eā sagācitāte, ut dēcipī nōn posset, praesertim cum animum attendisset ad cavendum.Alcibiades could not be kept in the dark about this for long: for he was of such keenness that he could not be deceived, especially when he had turned his mind to being on his guard. Alc. 5.2Itaque ad Tissaphernem, praefectum rēgis Dārīī, sē contulit.So he went over to Tissaphernes, the governor of King Darius.

Alc. 5.3Cuius cum in intimam amīcitiam pervēnisset et Athēniēnsium male gestīs in Siciliā rēbus opēs senēscere, contrā Lacedaemoniōrum crēscere vidēret, initiō cum Pīsandrō praetōre, quī apud Samum exercitum habēbat, per internūntiōs colloquitur et dē reditū suō facit mentiōnem.When he had become his intimate friend, and saw that, after the Athenians' failure in Sicily, their strength was declining while that of the Spartans, on the other hand, was growing, he at first confers through go-betweens with Pisander the general, who had an army at Samos, and raises the question of his return. Alc. 5.3Is erat enim eōdem quō Alcibiadēs sēnsū, populī potentiae nōn amīcus et optimātium fautor.For Pisander was of the same mind as Alcibiades, no friend to the power of the people and a supporter of the aristocrats. Alc. 5.4Ab hōc dēstitūtus prīmum per Thrasybūlum, Lycī fīlium, ab exercitū recipitur praetorque fit apud Samum, post suffrāgante Thēramene populī scītō restituitur parīque absēns imperiō praeficitur simul cum Thrasybūlō et Thēramene.Let down by him, he is first received by the army through Thrasybulus, son of Lycus, and made general at Samos; later, on the motion of Theramenes, he is restored by a decree of the people and, though absent, is put in command with equal authority together with Thrasybulus and Theramenes.

Alc. 5.5Hōrum in imperiō tanta commūtātiō rērum facta est, ut Lacedaemoniī, quī paulō ante victōrēs viguerant, perterritī pācem peterent.Under their command so great a change in affairs took place that the Spartans, who shortly before had flourished as victors, were thoroughly frightened and sought peace. Alc. 5.5Victī enim erant quīnque proeliīs terrestribus, tribus nāvālibus, in quibus ducentās nāvēs trirēmēs āmīserant, quae captae in hostium vēnerant potestātem.For they had been defeated in five battles on land and three at sea, in which they had lost two hundred triremes, which had been captured and fallen into the enemy's power. Alc. 5.6Alcibiadēs simul cum collēgīs recēperat Iōniam, Hellēspontum, multās praetereā urbēs Graecās, quae in ōrā sitae sunt Thraeciae, quārum expugnārant complūrēs, in eīs Byzantium, neque minus multās cōnsiliō ad amīcitiam adiūnxerant, quod in captōs clēmentiā fuerant ūsī.Alcibiades together with his colleagues had recovered Ionia, the Hellespont, and many Greek cities besides that lie on the coast of Thrace, of which they had stormed several, among them Byzantium, while they had won over no fewer to friendship by policy, because they had shown mercy to the captured. Alc. 5.7Ita praedā onustī, locuplētātō exercitū, maximīs rēbus gestīs Athēnās vēnērunt.So, laden with plunder, having enriched the army and achieved very great things, they came to Athens.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tam, adv.so
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
timor, -ōris, m.fear
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
aliēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake another's; estrange; (of the mind) unsettle
nam, conj.for
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ācer, ācris, ācresharp, shrill
vir, virī, m.man
praestāns, -stantis, adj.preëminent, remarkable
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
omnis, -eall, every
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cum, prep, with abl.with
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
enim, conj.for
sagācitās, -ātis f.keenness of perception, shrewdness
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
dēcipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptuscatch, deceive
praesertim (adv.)especially
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
rēx, rēgis, m.king
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
intimus, -a, -uminnermost; most intimate; as noun: close friend
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
male, adv.badly, ill
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
initium, -ī, n.beginning
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
internūntius, -ī m.a go-between, messenger between two parties
colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sumtalk with, confer
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
reditus, -ūs, m.return
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
populus, -ī m.people, nation
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
optimās, -ātis m.aristocrat; optimātēs: the leading men, the conservative party
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
dēstituō, -ere, -stituī, -stitūtumleave in the lurch, abandon
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
fīlius, -ī, m.son
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
que, enclitic conj.and
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
suffrāgor, -ārī, -ātus sumvote for; support, favour
scītum, -ī n.decree; populī scītum, a decree of the people
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
pār, parisequal
absēns, -entisabsent, away
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
commūtātiō, -tiōnis, f.change
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territusthoroughly frighten, terrify
pāx, pācis f.peace
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
quīnquefive
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
terrestris, -eof the land, on land
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
nāvis, -is, f.ship
trirēmis, -ewith three banks of oars; (as noun, f.) a trireme
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
urbs, urbis, f.city
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
minus, comp. adv.less
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
quod, conj.that, in that, because
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
onustus, -a, -umloaded, laden (with: abl.)
locuplētō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusenrich, make wealthy
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
Nepos, Alcibiades. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.