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Nepos · Alcibiades

Nepos, Alcibiades 4

Alcibiades accused and exiled

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Alc. 4.1Hōc crīmine in contiōne ab inimīcīs compellābātur.On this charge he was attacked by his enemies in the assembly. Alc. 4.1Sed īnstābat tempus ad bellum proficīscendī.But the time for setting out to the war was pressing. Alc. 4.1Id ille intuēns neque ignōrāns cīvium suōrum cōnsuētūdinem postulābat, sī quid dē sē agī vellent, potius dē praesente quaestiō habērētur, quam absēns invidiae crīmine accūsārētur.Seeing this, and not unaware of the habits of his fellow citizens, he demanded that, if they wished to take any action about him, the inquiry should be held while he was present, rather than that he should be accused in his absence on a charge born of envy. Alc. 4.2Inimīcī vērō eius quiēscendum in praesentī, quia nocērī eī nōn posse intellegēbant, et illud tempus exspectandum dēcrēvērunt, quō classis exīsset, ut absentem aggrederentur, itaque fēcērunt.His enemies, however, decided that they must keep quiet for the present, because they realised he could not be harmed, and wait for the time when the fleet had sailed, so as to attack him in his absence; and so they did.

Alc. 4.3Nam postquam in Siciliam eum pervēnisse crēdidērunt, absentem, quod sacra violāsset, reum fēcērunt.For after they believed that he had reached Sicily, they indicted him in his absence for having profaned the sacred rites. Alc. 4.3Quā dē rē cum eī nūntius ā magistrātū in Siciliam missus esset, ut domum ad causam dīcendam redīret, essetque in magnā spē prōvinciae bene administrandae, nōn pārēre nōluit et in trirēmem, quae ad eum erat dēportandum missa, ascendit.When a messenger had been sent to him in Sicily by the magistrates about this, ordering him to return home to plead his case, and he was in great hope of conducting his command successfully, he was not unwilling to obey, and boarded the trireme which had been sent to bring him back. Alc. 4.4Hāc Thūriōs in Ītaliam pervectus, multa sēcum reputāns dē immoderātā cīvium suōrum licentiā crūdēlitāteque ergā nōbilēs, ūtilissimum ratus impendentem ēvītāre tempestātem, clam sē ab custōdibus subdūxit et inde prīmum Ēlidem, Dein Thēbās vēnit.Carried in it to Thurii in Italy, reflecting much on the unbridled licence of his fellow citizens and their cruelty towards the nobles, and thinking it most advantageous to avoid the storm that hung over him, he secretly slipped away from his guards and went from there first to Elis, then to Thebes.

Alc. 4.5Postquam autem sē capitis damnātum bonīs pūblicātīs audīvit, et, id quod numquam anteā ūsū vēnerat, Eumolpidās sacerdōtēs ā populō coāctōs ut sē dēvovērent, eiusque dēvōtiōnis quō testātior esset memoria, exemplum in pilā lapideā incīsum esse positum in pūblicō, Lacedaemonem dēmigrāvit.But after he heard that he had been condemned to death and his property confiscated, and that, a thing which had never happened before, the Eumolpid priests had been forced by the people to curse him, and that, so that the record of that curse might be the better attested, a copy carved on a stone pillar had been set up in public, he moved to Sparta. Alc. 4.6Ibi, ut ipse praedicāre cōnsuērat, nōn adversus patriam, sed inimīcōs suōs bellum gessit, quī eīdem hostēs essent cīvitātī: nam cum intellegerent sē plūrimum prōdesse posse reī pūblicae, ex eā ēiēcisse plūsque īrae suae quam ūtilitātī commūnī pāruisse.There, as he himself used to declare, he waged war not against his country but against his personal enemies, who were also enemies of the state: for though they understood that he could be of the greatest service to the commonwealth, they had driven him out of it and had obeyed their own anger more than the common good.

Alc. 4.7Itaque huius cōnsiliō Lacedaemoniī cum Persē rēge amīcitiam fēcērunt, Dein Decelēam in Atticā mūniērunt praesidiōque ibi perpetuō positō in obsidiōne Athēnās tenuērunt.So on his advice the Spartans made friendship with the Persian king, then fortified Decelea in Attica and, stationing a permanent garrison there, kept Athens under siege. Alc. 4.7Eiusdem operā Iōniam ā societāte āvertērunt Athēniēnsium.Through his efforts too they turned Ionia away from its alliance with the Athenians. Alc. 4.7Quō factō multō superiōrēs bellō esse coepērunt.After this they began to be much superior in the war.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, indirect statement ×4, purpose clauses ×3, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (161 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
compellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusaddress, speak to; call on
sed, conj.but
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
bellum, -ī, n.war
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cōnsuētūdō, -inis f.custom, habit; way of life
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
volō, velle, voluīwish
potius (adv.)rather
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
quaestiō, -ōnis f.inquiry, examination
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
absēns, -entisabsent, away
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
quia (conj.)because
noceō, -ēre, nocuī, nocitum (+ dat.)harm, hurt
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
classis, -is f.fleet
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
nam, conj.for
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
que, enclitic conj.and
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
spēs, speī, f.hope
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
bene, adv.well; successfully
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
trirēmis, -ewith three banks of oars; (as noun, f.) a trireme
dēportō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry off, remove
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
pervehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectumcarry through; (pass.) sail through, ride through, reach
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
reputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, reckon among; think over
immoderātus, -a, -umwithout limit, unrestrained, excessive
licentia, -ae f.freedom; lack of restraint, lawlessness
crūdēlitās, -ātis f.cruelty
ergā, prep, with acc.toward, for
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
impendeō, -ērehang over, overhang
ēvītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, shun, escape
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
clam (adv.)secretly
custōs, -ōdis m.guard
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
inde (adv.)from there; then
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
deinde, adv.then, next
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
caput, capitis, n.head
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
pūblicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfiscate, make public property
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
numquam, adv.never
anteā, adv.before
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
sacerdōs, -dōtis, m. and f.priest, priestess
populus, -ī m.people, nation
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
dēvoveō, -ēre, -vōvī, -vōtumvow, devote
dēvōtiō, -ōnis f.solemn vow, oath binding under a curse; curse; devotion
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
testātus, -a, -umattested, plain to see, publicly known
memoria, -ae, f.memory
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
pila, -ae f.a pillar; pila Horātia: the Horatian pillar in the Forum
lapideus, -a, -umof stone
incīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut into, cut through
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
dēmigrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummove away, emigrate
ibi, adv.in that place, there
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
praedicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumproclaim; boast of
cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ēiciō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow out; sē ēicere: rush out
plūs (adv.)more
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
ūtilitās, -ātis f.usefulness, advantage
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
cum, prep, with abl.with
rēx, rēgis, m.king
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
perpetuō (adv.)for ever, permanently
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
Nepos, Alcibiades. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.