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Nepos · Alcibiades

Nepos, Alcibiades 3

The mutilation of the Herms

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Alc. 3.1Bellō Peloponnēsiō huius cōnsiliō atque auctōritāte Athēniēnsēs bellum Syrācūsānīs indīxērunt.In the Peloponnesian War it was through his advice and influence that the Athenians declared war on the Syracusans. Alc. 3.1Ad quod gerendum ipse dux dēlēctus est, duo praetereā collēgae datī, Nīcia et Lamachus.He himself was chosen as commander to conduct it, and two colleagues were given him besides, Nicias and Lamachus. Alc. 3.2Id cum apparārētur, prius quam classis exīret, accidit ut ūnā nocte omnēs Hermae, quī in oppidō erant Athēnīs, dēicerentur praeter ūnum, quī ante iānuam erat Andocidī (itaque ille posteā Mercurius Andocidī vocitātus est).While it was being prepared, before the fleet sailed, it happened that in a single night all the Herms in the town of Athens were thrown down except one, which stood before the door of Andocides (and so it was afterwards commonly called the Mercury of Andocides). Alc. 3.3Hoc cum appārēret nōn sine magnā multōrum cōnsēnsiōne esse factum, quae nōn ad prīvātam, sed ad pūblicam rem pertinēret, magnus multitūdinī timor est iniectus, nē qua repentīna vīs in cīvitāte exsisteret, quae lībertātem opprimeret populī.Since it was clear that this had not been done without a great conspiracy of many people, one that concerned not private but public affairs, great fear was struck into the populace that some sudden violence might arise in the state to crush the people's liberty.

Alc. 3.4Hoc maximē convenīre in Alcibiadem vidēbātur, quod et potentior et maior quam prīvātus exīstimābātur: multōs enim līberālitāte dēvīnxerat, plūrēs etiam operā forēnsī suōs reddiderat.This seemed to fit Alcibiades above all, because he was thought to be both more powerful and greater than a private citizen: for he had bound many to himself by his generosity, and had made still more his own by his services in the courts. Alc. 3.5Quā rē fīēbat ut omnium oculōs, quotiēnscumque in pūblicum prōdīsset, ad sē converteret neque eī pār quisquam in cīvitāte pōnerētur.As a result, whenever he appeared in public, he drew all eyes to himself, and no one in the state was ranked as his equal. Alc. 3.5Itaque nōn sōlum spem in eō habēbant maximam, sed etiam timōrem, quod et obesse plūrimum et prōdesse poterat.So they placed in him not only the greatest hope but also fear, because he could do both the greatest harm and the greatest good. Alc. 3.6Aspergēbātur etiam īnfāmiā, quod in domō suā facere mystēria dīcēbātur (quod nefās erat mōre Athēniēnsium) idque nōn ad religiōnem, sed ad coniūrātiōnem pertinēre exīstimābātur.He was also tainted with ill repute, because he was said to perform the mysteries in his own house (which was sacrilege by the custom of the Athenians), and this was thought to have to do not with religion but with conspiracy.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (109 words)
bellum, -ī, n.war
Peloponnēsius, -a, -umof the Peloponnese; bellum Peloponnēsium: the Peloponnesian War
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictumproclaim, call (a meeting)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
apparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprepare, get ready
prius, adv.before, first
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
classis, -is f.fleet
exeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo out
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
nox, noctis, f.night
omnis, -eall, every
Herma (Hermēs), -ae m.a herm, a pillar topped with a head of Hermes
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
oppidum, -ī, n.town
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
iānua, -ae, f.door
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
vocitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall habitually, be in the habit of calling
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
nōn, adv.not
sine, prep. with abl.without
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
cōnsēnsiō, -ōnis f.agreement, unanimity; common purpose
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
sed, conj.but
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
timor, -ōris, m.fear
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
populus, -ī m.people, nation
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quod, conj.that, in that, because
potēns, -entispowerful
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
enim, conj.for
līberālitās, -ātis f.generosity
dēvinciō, -īre, -vīnxī, -vīnctusbind fast; attach, put under obligation
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
forēnsis, -eof the forum, of public business and the law courts
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
oculus, -ī, m.eye
quotiēnscumque (conj.)however often, whenever
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
pār, parisequal
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
spēs, speī, f.hope
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
obsum, -esse, -fuībe against, harm (with dat.)
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
aspergō (adspergō), -inis f.a sprinkling, spray, splash
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
mystērium, -ī n.secret, mystery; a hidden truth revealed to some
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
que, enclitic conj.and
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
coniūrātiō, -ōnis f.conspiracy
Nepos, Alcibiades. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.