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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.54

The decemvirs resign

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Liv. 3.54.1Facerent ut vellent permittentibus cūnctīs mox reditūrōs sē lēgātī rēbus perfectīs adfirmant.When all allowed them to do as they wished, the envoys declare that they will soon return once matters are concluded. Liv. 3.54.2Profectī cum mandāta plēbis patribus exposuissent, aliī decemvirī, quandō quidem praeter spem ipsōrum suppliciī suī nūlla mentiō fieret, haud quicquam abnuere;When they had gone and set out the plebs' demands to the fathers, the other decemvirs, since, contrary to their own expectation, no mention was made of their punishment, objected to nothing at all; Liv. 3.54.3Appius, trucī ingeniō et invidiā praecipuā, odium in sē aliōrum suō in eōs mētiēns odiō "haud ignārō" inquit "imminet fortūna.Appius, a man of savage temper and especially hated, measuring others' hatred of him by his own hatred of them, said, 'Not unaware am I of the fortune that hangs over me. Liv. 3.54.4Videō, dōnec arma adversāriīs trādantur, differrī adversus nōs certāmen.I see that the struggle against us is being put off only until arms are handed over to our opponents. Liv. 3.54.4Dandus invidiae est sanguis.Blood must be given to hatred.

Liv. 3.54.4Nihil nē ego quidem moror, quō minus decemvirātū abeam."Not even I make any delay in leaving the decemvirate.' Liv. 3.54.5Factum senātūs cōnsultum, ut decemvirī sē prīmō quōque tempore magistrātū abdicārent, Q. Fūrius pontifex maximus tribūnōs plēbis creāret, et nē cui fraudī esset sēcessiō mīlitum plēbisque.A decree of the senate was passed that the decemvirs should resign their office at the earliest opportunity, that Quintus Furius, the pontifex maximus, should hold the election of tribunes of the plebs, and that the secession of the soldiers and plebs should not be held against anyone. Liv. 3.54.6Hīs senātūs cōnsultīs perfectīs dīmissō senātū decemvirī prōdeunt in contiōnem abdicantque sē magistrātū ingentī hominum laetitiā.When these decrees had been passed and the senate dismissed, the decemvirs come out before the assembly and resign their office, to the immense joy of the people. Liv. 3.54.6Nūntiantur haec plēbī.This is reported to the plebs. Liv. 3.54.7Lēgātōs quidquid in urbe hominum supererat prōsequitur.Whatever people remained in the city escort the envoys. Liv. 3.54.7Huic multitūdinī laeta alia turba ex castrīs occurrit.This multitude is met by another joyful crowd from the camp.

Liv. 3.54.7Congrātulantur lībertātem concordiamque cīvitātī restitūtam.They congratulate each other that liberty and harmony have been restored to the state. Liv. 3.54.8Lēgātī prō contiōne: "quod bonum, faustum fēlīxque sit vōbīs reīque pūblicae, redīte in patriam ad penātēs, coniugēs līberōsque vestrōs;The envoys spoke before the assembly: 'May it be good, fortunate and happy for you and for the republic: return to your country, to your household gods, to your wives and children; Liv. 3.54.8sed, quā hīc modestiā fuistis, ubi nūllīus ager in tot rērum ūsū necessāriō tantae multitūdinī est violātus, eam modestiam ferte in urbem!but the restraint you showed here, where no one's land was harmed despite so great a multitude's need to use so many things, bring that restraint into the city! Liv. 3.54.8In Aventīnum īte, unde profectī estis!Go to the Aventine, from where you set out! Liv. 3.54.9Ibi fēlīcī locō, ubi prīma initia inchoāstis lībertātis vestrae, tribūnōs plēbī creābitis.There, in the auspicious place where you made the first beginnings of your liberty, you will elect tribunes of the plebs. Liv. 3.54.9Praestō erit pontifex maximus, quī comitia habeat."The pontifex maximus will be at hand to hold the election.' Liv. 3.54.10Ingēns adsēnsūs alacritāsque cūncta adprobantium fuit.Great was the assent and the eagerness of all as they approved everything.

Liv. 3.54.10Convellunt inde signa profectīque Rōmam certant cum obviīs gaudiō.Then they pull up the standards and, setting out for Rome, vie in joy with those who come to meet them. Liv. 3.54.10Armātī per urbem silentiō in Aventīnum perveniunt.Under arms, they make their way through the city in silence to the Aventine. Liv. 3.54.11Ibi extemplō pontifice maximō comitia habente tribūnōs plēbis creāvērunt, omnium prīmum L. Verginium, inde L. Icilium et P. Numitōrium, avunculum Verginī, auctōrēs sēcessiōnis, tum C. Sicinium, prōgeniem eius, quem prīmum tribūnum plēbis creātum in Sacrō monte prōditum memoriae est, et M. Duillium, quī tribūnātum īnsignem ante decemvirōs creātōs gesserat nec in decemvirālibus certāminibus plēbī dēfuerat.There at once, with the pontifex maximus holding the election, they elected tribunes of the plebs: first of all Lucius Verginius, then Lucius Icilius and Publius Numitorius, Verginius' uncle, the authors of the secession, then Gaius Sicinius, offspring of the man who is recorded as the first tribune of the plebs elected on the Sacred Mount, and Marcus Duillius, who had held a distinguished tribunate before the decemvirs were appointed and had not failed the plebs in the struggles with the decemvirs.

Liv. 3.54.12Spē deinde magis quam meritīs ēlēctī M. Titinius, M. Pompōnius, C. Aprōnius, P. Villius, C. Oppius.Then, more for hope than for merit, were chosen Marcus Titinius, Marcus Pomponius, Gaius Apronius, Publius Villius and Gaius Oppius. Liv. 3.54.14Tribūnātū initō L. Icilius extemplō plēbem rogāvit, et plēbs scīvit, nē cui fraudī esset sēcessiō ab decemvirīs facta.On entering the tribunate Lucius Icilius at once proposed to the plebs, and the plebs resolved, that the secession from the decemvirs should not be held against anyone. Liv. 3.54.15Cōnfestim dē cōnsulibus creandīs cum prōvocātiōne M. Duillius rogātiōnem pertulit.Immediately Marcus Duillius carried a proposal for the election of consuls subject to appeal. Liv. 3.54.15Ea omnia in prātīs Flāminiīs conciliō plēbis ācta, quem nunc circum Flāminium appellant.All this was done in a council of the plebs in the Flaminian Meadows, which they now call the Circus Flaminius.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×6, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (190 words)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
volō, velle, voluīwish
permittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumallow, permit; entrust
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
mox, adv.soon
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
mandātum, -ī n.order, instruction, message
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
pater, patris, m.father
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
spēs, speī, f.hope
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
abnuō, -ere, -nuīrefuse, decline, reject
trux, trucissavage, fierce, grim
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
praecipuus, -a, -umspecial, particular, outstanding
odium, -ī, n.hatred
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
mētior, -īrī, mēnsus summeasure out, distribute
ignārus, -a, -umignorant
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
nōsplur. of ego
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
decemvirātus, -ūs m.the office of decemvir, the decemvirate
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
senātus, -ūs m.senate
cōnsultum, -ī n.decree (senātūs cōnsultum: a decree of the Senate)
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
abdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrenounce; sē abdicāre (+ abl.): resign (an office)
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
sēcessiō, -ōnis f.withdrawal, secession (of the plebs from Rome)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
que, enclitic conj.and
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
homō, hominis, m.man
laetitia, -ae, f.joy
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
urbs, urbis, f.city
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
turba, -ae f.crowd
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
congrātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumrejoice with, congratulate
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
concordia, -ae f.agreement, harmony
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
bonus, -a, -umgood
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
vōsplur. of tū
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
coniūnx, coniugis, m. and f.spouse, husband, wife
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sed, conj.but
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
ager, agri, m.field, land
tot (indecl.)so many
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
unde, adv.whence
ibi, adv.in that place, there
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
initium, -ī, n.beginning
inchoō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start on; sketch out
praestō (adv.)at hand, ready (praestō esse, to be on hand)
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
assēnsus (adsēnsus), -ūs m.agreement, approval, assent
alacritās, -ātis f.eagerness, enthusiasm
approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusapprove, agree with
convellō, -ere, -vellī, -vulsumtear away, wrench loose; shatter
inde (adv.)from there; then
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
cum, prep, with abl.with
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
armātus, -a, -umarmed
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
omnis, -eall, every
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
avunculus, -ī m.uncle (mother's brother)
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
tum, adv.then, at that time
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
sacer, sacra, sacrumsacred, holy
mōns, montis, m.mountain
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
memoria, -ae, f.memory
tribūnātus, -ūs m.tribuneship, office of tribune (military or of the people)
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
decemvirālis, -eof the decemvirs
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
deinde, adv.then, next
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
scīscō, -ere, scīvī, scītusdecree, vote for (of the people)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvocātiō, -ōnis f.appeal (to the people against a magistrate's sentence)
rogātiō, -ōnis f.proposed law, bill (put to the people)
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
prātum, -ī n.meadow
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
nunc, adv.now
circus, -ī m.circle; racecourse, circus (Circus Maximus)
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.