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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita III

Ab Urbe Condita 3.18

The Capitol is recovered

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Liv. 3.18.1Eādem nocte et Tusculum dē arce captā Capitōliōque occupātō et aliō turbātae urbis statū nūntiī veniunt.That same night messengers come to Tusculum too with news that the citadel had been taken, the Capitol occupied, and the city in other respects thrown into disorder. Liv. 3.18.2L. Mamilius Tusculī tum dictātor erat.Lucius Mamilius was dictator at Tusculum at that time. Liv. 3.18.2Is cōnfestim convocātō senātū atque intrōductīs nūntiīs magnō opere cēnset, nē expectent, dum ab Rōmā lēgātī auxilium petentēs veniant;He at once called the senate together, brought in the messengers, and urged strongly that they should not wait until envoys came from Rome seeking help; Liv. 3.18.3perīculum ipsum discrīmenque ac sociālēs deōs fidemque foederum id poscere.the danger itself and the crisis, the gods of the alliance and the good faith of treaties demanded it. Liv. 3.18.3Dēmerendī beneficiō tam potentem, tam propinquam cīvitātem numquam parem occāsiōnem datūrōs deōs.Never would the gods give them an equal opportunity of earning the gratitude of so powerful and so near a state by a service. Liv. 3.18.3Placet ferrī auxilium;It is decided to send help; Liv. 3.18.4iuventūs cōnscrībitur, arma dantur.the young men are enrolled, arms are given out.

Liv. 3.18.4Rōmam prīmā lūce venientēs procul speciem hostium praebuēre;Approaching Rome at first light, from a distance they gave the appearance of enemies; Liv. 3.18.4Aequī aut Volscī venīre vīsī sunt;they seemed to be Aequi or Volsci coming; Liv. 3.18.4deinde, ubi vānus terror abiit, acceptī in urbem agmine in forum dēscendunt.then, when the groundless alarm had passed, they were received into the city and march down in column into the Forum. Liv. 3.18.5Ibi iam P. Valerius relictō ad portārum praesidia collēgā īnstruēbat aciem.There Publius Valerius, having left his colleague in charge of the guards at the gates, was already drawing up his line of battle. Liv. 3.18.6Auctōritās virī mōverat adfirmantis Capitōliō recuperātō et urbe pācātā sī ēdocērī sē sīssent, quae fraus ab tribūnīs occulta in lēge ferrētur, memorem sē maiōrum suōrum, memorem cognōminis, quō populī colendī velut hērēditāria cūra sibi ā maiōribus trādita esset, concilium plēbis nōn inpedītūrum.The authority of the man had prevailed, as he declared that, once the Capitol was recovered and the city pacified, if they allowed themselves to be shown what trickery the tribunes were concealing in the law, he, mindful of his ancestors, mindful of his surname, by which care for the people had been handed down to him by his ancestors as a kind of inheritance, would not obstruct the assembly of the plebs.

Liv. 3.18.7Hunc ducem secūtī nēquīquam reclāmantibus tribūnīs in clīvum Capitōlīnum ērigunt aciem.Following him as their leader, while the tribunes protested in vain, they lead their line up the Capitoline slope. Liv. 3.18.7Adiungitur et Tusculāna legiō.The Tusculan legion joins them too. Liv. 3.18.7Certāre sociī cīvēsque, utrī recuperātae arcis suum decus facerent;Allies and citizens vied as to which of them should win for themselves the honour of recovering the citadel; Liv. 3.18.7dux uterque suōs adhortātur.each leader encourages his own men. Liv. 3.18.8Trepidāre tum hostēs, nec ūllī satis reī praeterquam locō fīdere;Then the enemy were alarmed, and trusted nothing enough except their position; Liv. 3.18.8trepidantibus īnferunt signa Rōmānī sociīque, iam in vestibulum perrūperant templī, cum P. Valerius inter prīmōrēs pugnam ciēns interficitur.as they wavered, the Romans and allies advance their standards; they had already burst into the forecourt of the temple when Publius Valerius, rousing the fight among the foremost, is killed. Liv. 3.18.8P. Volumnius cōnsulāris vīdit cadentem.Publius Volumnius, an ex-consul, saw him fall. Liv. 3.18.9Is datō negōtiō suīs, ut corpus obtegerent, ipse in locum vicemque cōnsulis prōvolat.He, after charging his men to cover the body, himself rushes forward into the consul's place and role.

Liv. 3.18.9Prae ardōre impetūque tantae reī sēnsus nōn pervēnit ad mīlitem;Such was the ardour and impetus of so great an enterprise that the soldiers did not become aware of it; Liv. 3.18.9prius vīcit, quam sē pugnāre sine duce sentīret.they won before they realised that they were fighting without a leader. Liv. 3.18.10Multī exulum caede suā foedāvēre templum, multī vīvī captī, Herdōnius interfectus.Many of the exiles defiled the temple with their blood, many were taken alive, Herdonius was killed. Liv. 3.18.10Ita Capitōlium recuperātum.Thus the Capitol was recovered. Liv. 3.18.10Dē captīvīs, ut quisque līber aut servus esset, suae fortūnae ā quōque sūmptum supplicium est;On the prisoners punishment was inflicted according to whether each was free or slave, suited to his condition; Liv. 3.18.10Tusculānīs grātiae āctae;thanks were given to the Tusculans; Liv. 3.18.10Capitōlium pūrgātum atque lūstrātum.the Capitol was cleansed and purified. Liv. 3.18.10In cōnsulis domum plēbēs quadrantēs, ut fūnere ampliōre efferrētur, iactāsse fertur.The plebs is said to have thrown quarter-asses into the consul's house, so that he might be carried out with a more splendid funeral.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×8, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (197 words)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
nox, noctis, f.night
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
que, enclitic conj.and
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
urbs, urbis, f.city
status, -ūs m.condition, state
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
tum, adv.then, at that time
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
senātus, -ūs m.senate
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
intrōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead in, bring in
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
opus, operis, n.work, task
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
discrīmen, -crīminis, n.crisis, peril, danger
sociālis, -esocial, companionable; of allies, allied; of alliance
deus, -ī, m.god
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
dēmereor, -ērī, -itus sumwin the favour of, oblige by service
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
tam, adv.so
potēns, -entispowerful
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
numquam, adv.never
pār, parisequal
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
cōnscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumenlist, enroll
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
lūx, lūcis, f.light
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
deinde, adv.then, next
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
ibi, adv.in that place, there
iam, adv.now, already
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
vir, virī, m.man
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
affirmō (adfirmō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare; confirm
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumsubdue, pacify
sī, conj.if
ēdoceō, -ēre, -docuī, -doctuminform thoroughly, explain
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
lēx, lēgis f.law
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cognōmen, -inis n.surname, added name, nickname
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
populus, -ī m.people, nation
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
veluteven or just as, as
hērēditārius, -a, -uminherited, hereditary
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
nōn, adv.not
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
reclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout back, cry out against, protest; re-echo
clīvus, -ī m.slope, hillside
Capitōlīnus, -a, -umof the Capitol; collis Capitōlīnus: the Capitoline hill
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
certō, adv.with certainty, for certain, certainly
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
trepidō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe in a panic, hurry about in alarm
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūllus, -a, -umany
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
vestibulum, -ī n.forecourt, entrance hall
perrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak or burst through, break
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
prīmōrēs, -um m. pl.the leading men, the front rank
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citusset in motion, stir up; pugnam ciēre: start the fight
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
corpus, corporis, n.body
obtegō, -ere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover over, conceal
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdash out
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
ardor, -ōris m.blaze, fire, glow; ardor caelī: a light in the sky
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
sēnsus, -ūs m.feeling, sensation; perception; sentiment
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
prius, adv.before, first
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
sine, prep. with abl.without
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake foul, disfigure; desecrate
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
līber, lībera, līberumfree
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
pūrgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake clean, clean, cleanse
lūstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspurify by sacrifice; review (an army)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
quadrāns, -antis m.a quarter of an as, a very small coin
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita III. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.