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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.7

Rome hears of the disaster

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Liv. 22.7.1Haec est nōbilis ad Trasumennum pugna atque inter paucās memorāta populī Rōmānī clādēs.This is the famous battle at Trasimene, remembered among the few disasters of the Roman people. Liv. 22.7.1Quīndecim mīlia Rōmānōrum in aciē caesa;Fifteen thousand Romans were slain in the battle; Liv. 22.7.2decem.ten thousand, Liv. 22.7.2Mīlia sparsa fugā per omnem Etrūriam dīversīs itineribus urbem petiēre;scattered in flight through all Etruria, made for the city by different routes; Liv. 22.7.3duo mīlia quīngentī hostium in aciē, multī posteā ex vulneribus periēre.two thousand five hundred of the enemy perished in the battle, and many afterwards from their wounds. Liv. 22.7.3Multiplex caedēs utrimque facta trāditur ab aliīs;Others report that the slaughter on both sides was many times greater; Liv. 22.7.4ego, praeterquam quod nihil auctum ex vānō velim, quō nimis inclīnant ferme scrībentium animī, Fabium, aequālem temporibus huiusce bellī, potissimum auctōrem habuī.I, besides not wishing anything to be exaggerated without ground, to which writers' minds are usually all too inclined, have taken Fabius, a contemporary of this war, as my chief authority. Liv. 22.7.5Hannibal captīvōrum quī Latiī nōminis essent sine pretiō dīmissīs, Rōmānīs in vincula datīs, sēgregāta ex hostium coacervātōrum cumulīs corpora suōrum cum sepelīrī iussisset, Flāminī quoque corpus fūneris causā magnā cum cūrā inquīsītum nōn invēnit.Hannibal, having released without ransom those of the prisoners who were of the Latin name and put the Romans in chains, ordered the bodies of his own men to be separated from the heaps of piled-up enemy dead and buried, and then sought with great care for the body of Flaminius too, to give it burial, but did not find it.

Liv. 22.7.6Rōmae ad prīmum nūntium clādis eius cum ingentī terrōre ac tumultū concursus in forum populī est factus.At Rome, at the first news of this disaster, the people rushed together into the forum with great terror and uproar. Liv. 22.7.7Mātronae vagae per viās quae repēns clādēs adlāta quaeve fortūna exercitūs esset, obviōs percunctantur.The matrons, wandering through the streets, ask those they meet what sudden disaster had been reported, or what the fortune of the army was. Liv. 22.7.7Et cum frequentis contiōnis modo turba in comitium et cūriam versa magistrātūs vocāret, tandem haud multō ante sōlis occāsum M. Pompōnius praetor "pugnā" inquit " magnā victī sumus."And when the crowd, like a packed assembly, had turned towards the comitium and the senate house and was calling for the magistrates, at last, not long before sunset, the praetor Marcus Pomponius said, 'We have been defeated in a great battle.' Liv. 22.7.8Et quamquam nihil certius ex eō audītum est, tamen alius ab aliō implētī rūmōribus domōs referunt cōnsulem cum magnā parte cōpiārum caesum, superesse paucōs aut fugā passim per Etrūriam sparsōs aut captōs ab hoste.And although nothing more definite was heard from him, still, filled with rumours one from another, they carry back to their homes that the consul had been killed with a large part of his forces, that few survived, and those either scattered in flight throughout Etruria or captured by the enemy.

Liv. 22.7.10Quot cāsūs exercitūs uictī fuerant, tot in cūrās abstractī animī eōrum erant, quōrum propinquī sub C. Flāminiō cōnsule meruerant, ignōrantium, quae cuiusque suōrum fortūna esset;As many as had been the misfortunes of the defeated army, into so many cares were the minds of those torn whose kinsmen had served under the consul Gaius Flaminius, since they did not know what the fortune of each of their own was; Liv. 22.7.10nec quisquam satis certum habet, quid aut spēret aut timeat.nor does anyone know for certain what to hope or to fear. Liv. 22.7.11Posterō ac deinceps aliquot diēbus ad portās maior prope mulierum quam virōrum multitūdō stetit aut suōrum aliquem aut nūntiōs dē iīs opperiēns, circumfundēbanturque obviīs scīscitantēs neque āvellī, utique ab notīs, priusquam ōrdine omnia inquīsīssent, poterant.On the next day and for several days after, at the gates stood a crowd almost larger of women than of men, waiting either for one of their own or for news of them; and they would throng round those they met, questioning them, and could not be torn away, especially from people they knew, before they had inquired into everything in order.

Liv. 22.7.12Inde variōs vultūs dīgredientium ab nūntiīs cernerēs, ut cuique laeta aut trīstia nūntiābantur, grātulantīsque aut cōnsōlantīs redeuntibus domōs circumfūsōs.Then you might have seen the varied expressions of those going away from the messengers, as glad or sad news was given to each, and those returning home surrounded by people congratulating or consoling them. Liv. 22.7.12Fēminārum praecipuē et gaudia īnsignia erant et lūctūs.The women's joys and griefs especially were remarkable. Liv. 22.7.13Ūnam in ipsā portā sōspitī fīliō repente oblātam in complexū eius expīrāsse ferunt;One, they say, suddenly confronted at the very gate by her son safe and sound, died in his embrace; Liv. 22.7.13alteram, cui mors fīlī falsō nūntiāta erat, maestam sedentem domī ad prīmum cōnspectum redeuntis gaudiō nimiō exanimātam.another, to whom her son's death had been falsely reported, as she sat sorrowful at home, was struck dead by excessive joy at the first sight of him returning. Liv. 22.7.14Senātum praetōrēs per diēs aliquot ab ortō ūsque ad occīdentem sōlem in cūriā retinent cōnsultantēs, quōnam duce aut quibus cōpiīs resistī victōribus Poenīs posset.The praetors keep the senate in the senate house for several days from sunrise till sunset, deliberating under what leader or with what forces the victorious Carthaginians could be resisted.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×4, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (219 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
quīndecim (indecl.)fifteen
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
decem, indecl. adj.ten
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
fuga, -ae, f.flight
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
omnis, -eall, every
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
urbs, urbis, f.city
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
multiplex, -icismanifold, many-sided
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
volō, velle, voluīwish
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
nimis (adv.)too much, too
inclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbend, lean; incline, tend
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
aequālis, -eequal; of the same age
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
bellum, -ī, n.war
potissimus, -a, -umchief, most important (superlative of potior)
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
Latius, -a, -umof Latium; Latin, Roman
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
sine, prep. with abl.without
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sēgregō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseparate, keep apart, exclude
coacervō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumheap up
cumulus, -ī m.heap, pile
corpus, corporis, n.body
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
sepeliō, sepelīre, sepelīvī, sepultusbury
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
quoque, adv.also
fūnus, -eris n.funeral
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cum, prep, with abl.with
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
inquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch into, inquire
nōn, adv.not
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
via, -ae, f.road, way
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
repēns, -entissudden
adferō, adferre, attulī, adlātusbear to, bring
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
obvius, -a, -umin the way, meeting; sē obvium dare: come to meet
percontor (percunctor), -ārī, -ātus sumquestion closely, inquire, ask
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
frequēns, -entiscrowded, in great numbers; frequent
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
modo, adv.only
turba, -ae f.crowd
comitium, -ī n.place of assembly; plur. comitia, an election, assembly for voting
cūria, -ae f.senate house
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
occāsus, -ūs, m.setting
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
quamquam, conj.however much, although
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
impleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētumfill; fulfil, complete
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
quot (indecl.)how many
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
tot (indecl.)so many
abstrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractumdrag away, carry off
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
deinceps (adv.)one after another, in succession
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
mulier, mulieris, f.woman
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
vir, virī, m.man
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
opperior, -īrī, -pertus sumwait for, await
circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour around; (passive) crowd around, surround
que, enclitic conj.and
scīscitor, -ārī, -ātus sumask, inquire
āvellō, -ere, -vellī (-vulsī), -vulsustear away, wrench off
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
inde (adv.)from there; then
varius, -a, -umvarious
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
dīgredior, -gredī, -gressus sumgo away, part, separate
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
cōnsōlor, -ārī, -ātus sumcomfort, console
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
praecipuē, adv.especially
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
īnsignis, -enotable, remarkable
lūctus, -ūs m.grief, mourning
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
sōspes, -itissafe and sound, unharmed
fīlius, -ī, m.son
repente (adv.)suddenly
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
complexus, -ūs m.embrace
exspīrō (expīrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumbreathe out; breathe one's last, die
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
mors, mortīs, f.death
falsō (adv.)falsely, wrongly
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
nimius, -a, -umexcessive, too great
exanimō, -animāre, -animāvī, -animātusput out of breath, fatigue, tire, exhaust; stupefy; kill
senātus, -ūs m.senate
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
cōnsultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdeliberate, take counsel; consult the interests of (+ dat.)
quōnam (adv.)by what way, how ever; quōnam modō: how ever, in what way
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
resistō, -sistere, -stitīstand back, resist
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.