LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 22 › Ab Urbe Condita 22.57

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.57

Prodigies, sacrifices and a new levy

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 22.57.1Litterīs cōnsulis praetōrisque recitātīs cēnsuērunt praetōrem M. Claudium, quī classī ad Ōstiam stantī praeesset, Canusium ad exercitum mittendum, scrībendumque cōnsulī, ut, cum praetōrī exercitum trādidisset, prīmō quōque tempore, quantum per commodum reī pūblicae fierī posset, Rōmam venīret.When the letters of the consul and the praetor had been read out, they decreed that the praetor Marcus Claudius, who commanded the fleet lying at Ostia, should be sent to the army at Canusium, and that the consul should be written to, telling him that when he had handed over the army to the praetor, he should come to Rome at the earliest opportunity, as far as could be done consistently with the public interest. Liv. 22.57.2Territī etiam super tantās clādēs cum cēterīs prōdigiīs, tum quod duae Vestālēs eō annō, Opīmia atque Flōrōnia, stuprī compertae alterā sub terrā, utī mōs est, ad portam Collīnam necāta fuerat, altera sibimet ipsa mortem cōnscīverat.They were alarmed, besides such great disasters, both by other prodigies and because two Vestals that year, Opimia and Floronia, had been convicted of unchastity, and one had been put to death underground, as is the custom, near the Colline Gate, while the other had taken her own life.

Liv. 22.57.3L. Cantilius scrība pontificius, quōs nunc minōrēs pontificēs appellant, quī cum Flōrōniā stuprum fēcerat, ā pontifice maximō eō ūsque virgīs in comitiō caesus erat, ut inter verbera expīrāret.Lucius Cantilius, a clerk of the pontiffs (of those now called the lesser pontiffs), who had committed the offence with Floronia, had been beaten with rods by the chief pontiff in the comitium so severely that he died under the blows. Liv. 22.57.4Hoc nefās cum inter tot, ut fit, clādēs in prōdigium versum esset, decemvirī librōs adīre iussī sunt, et Q. Fabius Pictor Delphōs ad ōrāculum missus est scīscitātum, quibus precibus suppliciīsque deōs possent plācāre, et quaenam futūra fīnis tantīs clādibus foret.Since this wickedness, as happens amid so many disasters, had been turned into a prodigy, the decemvirs were ordered to consult the books, and Quintus Fabius Pictor was sent to the oracle at Delphi to ask by what prayers and offerings they could appease the gods, and what end there would be to such great disasters. Liv. 22.57.6Interim ex fātālibus librīs sacrificia aliquot extraōrdināria facta;Meanwhile, on the authority of the books of fate, some extraordinary sacrifices were performed; Liv. 22.57.6inter quae Gallus et Galla, Graecus et Graeca in forō bovāriō sub terram vīvī dēmissī sunt in locum saxō cōnsaeptum, iam ante hostiīs hūmānīs, minimē Rōmānō sacrō, inbūtum.among them a Gallic man and a Gallic woman, a Greek man and a Greek woman were buried alive in the Cattle Market, in a place walled round with stone, already stained before with human victims, a rite not at all Roman.

Liv. 22.57.7Plācātīs satis ut rēbantur, deīs M. Claudius Mārcellus ab Ōstiā mīlle et quīngentōs mīlitēs, quōs in classem scrīptōs habēbat, Rōmam, ut urbī praesidiō essent, mittit;When the gods had been appeased sufficiently, as they thought, Marcus Claudius Marcellus sends from Ostia to Rome fifteen hundred soldiers whom he had enrolled for the fleet, to serve as a garrison for the city; Liv. 22.57.8ipse, legiōne classicā — ea legiō tertia erat — cum tribūnīs mīlitum Teānum Sidicīnum praemissā, classe trāditā P. Fūriō Philō collēgae, paucōs post diēs Canusium magnīs itineribus contendit.he himself, having sent ahead the marine legion (this was the third legion) with the military tribunes to Teanum Sidicinum, and having handed over the fleet to his colleague Publius Furius Philus, a few days later hurried to Canusium by forced marches. Liv. 22.57.9Inde dictātor ex auctōritāte patrum dictus M. Iūnius et Ti. Semprōnius magister equitum dīlēctū ēdictō iūniōrēs ab annīs septemdecim et quōsdam praetextātōs scrībunt.Then Marcus Junius, named dictator on the authority of the senate, and Tiberius Sempronius, master of horse, proclaimed a levy and enrolled the younger men from seventeen years upward and some who still wore the boy's toga.

Liv. 22.57.9Quattuor ex hīs legiōnēs et mīlle equitēs effectī.Four legions and a thousand horsemen were formed from these. Liv. 22.57.10Item ad sociōs Latīnumque nōmen ad mīlitēs ex fōrmulā accipiendōs mittunt.They also send to the allies and the Latin name to receive soldiers according to the treaty schedule. Liv. 22.57.10Arma, tēla, alia parārī iubent et vetera spolia hostium dētrahunt templīs porticibusque.They order arms, missiles and other equipment to be prepared, and take down from temples and colonnades old spoils taken from the enemy. Liv. 22.57.11Et fōrmam novī dīlēctūs inopia līberōrum capitum ac necessitās dedit: octō mīlia iuvenum validōrum ex servitiīs prius scīscitantēs singulōs, vellentne mīlitāre ēmpta pūblicē armāvērunt.The shortage of free men and necessity also gave rise to a new form of levy: they armed at public expense eight thousand sturdy young men from among the slaves, bought by the state, first asking each one individually whether he wished to serve. Liv. 22.57.12Hic mīles magis placuit cum pretiō minōre redimendī captīvōs cōpia fieret.This kind of soldier was preferred, although there was the opportunity of ransoming the captives at a lower price.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×3, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (190 words)
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
praetor, -ōris m.praetor (legātus prō praetōre: officer with a praetor's powers)
que, enclitic conj.and
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
classis, -is f.fleet
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quantum, adv.how much? how?
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
prōdigium, -ī n.portent; monster
tum, adv.then, at that time
quod, conj.that, in that, because
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
Vestālis, -eof Vesta; virgō Vestālis, a Vestal Virgin (priestess of Vesta)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
stuprum, -ī n.debauchery, sexual crime
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
Collīnus, -a, -umof the Quirinal hill; porta Collīna: the Colline Gate
necō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusput to death, slay, kill
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
mors, mortīs, f.death
cōnscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītuminflict (mortem sibi cōnscīscere: kill oneself)
scrība, -ae m.clerk, secretary (public clerks of the treasury)
pontificius, -a, -umof the pontiffs, pontifical
nunc, adv.now
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
cum, prep, with abl.with
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
virga, -ae f.rod, stick, staff
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
comitium, -ī n.place of assembly; plur. comitia, an election, assembly for voting
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
verber, -eris n.lash, whip; (pl.) a flogging
exspīrō (expīrō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumbreathe out; breathe one's last, die
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
tot (indecl.)so many
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
decemvir, -ī m.member of a board of ten; (pl.) the decemvirs, here keepers of the Sibylline books
liber, librī m.book; record
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
ōrāculum, -ī, n.oracle
scīscitor, -ārī, -ātus sumask, inquire
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
deus, -ī, m.god
plācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscalm, appease
quisnam, quaenam, quidnam, interrog. pron.who, which, or what, pray? who? which? what?
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
interim (adv.)meanwhile
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fātālis, -efated, destined; fatal, deadly
sacrificium, -ī, n.sacrifice
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
extraōrdinārius, -a, -umbeyond the usual order, extraordinary, special
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
bovārius (boārius), -a, -umof cattle; forum bovārium: the cattle market at Rome
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
cōnsaepiō, -īre, -saepsī, -saeptusfence round, enclose
iam, adv.now, already
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
hostia, -ae f.sacrificial victim
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
minimē, adv.least, very little; by no means, not at all
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
sacrum, -ī n.sacred object or rite; sacra: rites, worship
imbuō, -buere, -buī, -būtuswet, soak, dip
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
urbs, urbis, f.city
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
classicus, -a, -umof the fleet, naval; legio classica: legion raised from marines
tertius, -a, -umthird
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
Sidicīnus, -a, -umof the Sidicini, a people of Campania
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
inde (adv.)from there; then
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
pater, patris, m.father
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
dīlēctus, -ūs m.levy, recruitment of soldiers; dīlēctum habēre: hold a levy
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
septendecim (septemdecim) (indecl.)seventeen
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
praetextātus, -a, -umwearing the toga praetexta, the purple-bordered toga of boys; still a boy
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
itemlikewise, also
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
fōrmula, -ae f.fixed form of words, formula
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
vetus, veterisold, former
spolium, -ī n.spoils, booty (usu. pl.)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctusdraw or pull off
templum, -ī, n.sanctuary, temple
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
fōrma, -ae, f.form, appearance; beauty
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
līber, lībera, līberumfree
caput, capitis, n.head
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
octō (indecl.)eight
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
validus, -a, -umstrong
servitium, -ī n.slavery; (pl.) slaves
prius, adv.before, first
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
volō, velle, voluīwish
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptumbuy
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptumbuy up; buy back
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.