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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.44

Camps at Cannae; the consuls quarrel

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Liv. 22.44.1Cōnsulēs satis explōrātīs itineribus sequentēs Poenum, ut ventum ad Cannās est et in cōnspectū Poenum habēbant, bīna castra commūniunt eōdem ferme intervallō, quō ad Gereonium, sīcut ante cōpiīs dīvīsīs.The consuls, having reconnoitred the routes well enough as they followed the Carthaginian, when they reached Cannae and had the Carthaginian in sight, fortify two camps at about the same distance apart as at Gereonium, dividing their forces as before. Liv. 22.44.2Aufidus amnis utrīsque castrīs adfluēns aditum aquātōribus ex suā cuiusque opportūnitāte haud sine certāmine dabat;The river Aufidus, flowing past both camps, gave access to the water-carriers as suited each side, though not without fighting; Liv. 22.44.3ex minōribus tamen castrīs, quae posita trāns Aufidum erant, līberius aquābantur Rōmānī, quia rīpa ulterior nūllum habēbat hostium praesidium.from the smaller camp, however, which had been placed across the Aufidus, the Romans fetched water more freely, because the farther bank had no enemy guard. Liv. 22.44.4Hannibal spem nanctus locīs nātīs ad equestrem pugnam, quā parte vīrium invictus erat, factūrōs cōpiam pugnandī cōnsulēs, dērigit aciem lacessitque Numidārum prōcursātiōne hostīs.Hannibal, having gained hope that the consuls would give him the chance of a fight on ground made for a cavalry battle, the part of his strength in which he was unbeaten, draws up his line and provokes the enemy with sallies of the Numidians.

Liv. 22.44.5Inde rūrsus sollicitārī sēditiōne mīlitārī ac discordiā cōnsulum Rōmāna castra, cum Paulus Semprōniīque et Flāminī temeritātem Varrōnī, Varrō Paulō speciōsum timidīs ac segnibus ducibus exemplum Fabium obiceret, testārēturque deōs hominēsque hīc, nūllam penes sē culpam esse, quod Hannibal iam velut ūsū cēpisset Ītaliam: sē cōnstrictum ā collēgā tenērī;Then the Roman camp began again to be troubled by mutiny among the soldiers and by the discord of the consuls, since Paulus cast up at Varro the rashness of Sempronius and Flaminius, and Varro held up Fabius to Paulus as a fine-sounding model for timid and sluggish generals, and called gods and men to witness, he for his part, that no blame lay with him that Hannibal had now, as it were, acquired Italy by long possession: he was held bound by his colleague; Liv. 22.44.6ferrum atque arma īrātīs et pugnāre cupientibus adimī mīlitibus;sword and arms were being taken from soldiers who were angry and eager to fight; Liv. 22.44.7ille, sī quid prōiectīs ac prōditīs ad incōnsultam atque inprōvidam pugnam legiōnibus accideret, sē omnis culpae exsortem, omnis ēventūs participem fore dīceret: vidēret, ut, quibus lingua prompta ac temerāria, aequē in pugnā vigērent manūs.the other said that if anything happened to the legions, flung out and betrayed into an ill-considered and improvident battle, he would be free of all blame but would share in every outcome: let Varro see to it that those whose tongues were ready and reckless had hands equally vigorous in battle.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (124 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sīcut (conj.)just as
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
amnis, -is m.river
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
affluō (adfluō), -ere, -flūxīflow towards; abound, be plentiful
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
aquātor, -ōris m.water-carrier, one who fetches water
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
opportūnitās, -ātis f.advantage, favourable feature
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sine, prep. with abl.without
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
līberē (adv.; comp. līberius)freely, frankly
aquor, -ārī, -ātus sumfetch water
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quia (conj.)because
rīpa, -ae, f.bank
ulterior, -ius, adj.farther
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
spēs, speī, f.hope
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
invictus, -a, -umunconquered, unbeaten
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
dērigō, -ere, -rēxī, -rēctumset in line, draw up; direct
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
que, enclitic conj.and
prōcursātiō, -ōnis f.charging forward, skirmishing sally
inde (adv.)from there; then
rūrsus, adv.again
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
temeritās, -ātis f.rashness, recklessness
speciōsus, -a, -umhandsome; plausible, specious
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
testor, -ārī, -ātus sumbear witness, declare, call to witness
deus, -ī, m.god
homō, hominis, m.man
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
quod, conj.that, in that, because
iam, adv.now, already
veluteven or just as, as
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
cōnstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusbind tight; restrain, hold in check
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
īrātus, -a, -umangered, enraged, angry, furious
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
incōnsultus, -a, -umunadvised, without counsel; rash
imprōvidus, -a, -umnot foreseeing, heedless
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
omnis, -eall, every
exsors, -sortiswithout a share in (+ gen.)
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
particeps, -cipissharing in, taking part in (+ gen.); as noun: partner
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
temerārius, -a, -umrash, reckless
aequē (adv.)equally, just as; aequē ac: just as
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
manus, -ūs, f.hand
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.