LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 22 › Ab Urbe Condita 22.42

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.42

The abandoned camp and a near disaster

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 22.42.1Ubi inlūxit, subductae prīmō statiōnēs, deinde propius adeuntibus īnsolitum silentium admīrātiōnem fēcit.When it grew light, first the outposts were seen to have been withdrawn, then, as men came nearer, the unusual silence caused astonishment. Liv. 22.42.2Tum satis compertā sōlitūdine in castrīs concursus fit ad praetōria cōnsulum nūntiantium fugam hostium adeō trepidam, ut tabernāculīs stantibus castra relīquerint, quoque fuga obscūrior esset, crēbrōs etiam relictōs ignīs.Then, when the emptiness of the camp had been sufficiently established, there was a rush to the consuls' headquarters by men announcing that the enemy's flight had been so panicked that they had left the camp with the tents standing, and that, to make the flight less noticeable, numerous fires had even been left. Liv. 22.42.3Clamor inde ortus, ut signa prōferrī iubērent dūcerentque ad persequendōs hostīs ac prōtinus castra dīripienda.Then a clamour arose for them to order the standards to be carried forward and to lead the men in pursuit of the enemy and to the immediate plunder of the camp. Liv. 22.42.3Et cōnsul alter velut ūnus turbae mīlitāris erat;And one of the consuls was like one of the soldiers' mob; Liv. 22.42.4Paulus etiam atque etiam dīcere prōvidendum praecavendumque esse;Paulus kept saying again and again that they must look ahead and take precautions; Liv. 22.42.4postrēmō, cum aliter neque sēditiōnem neque ducem sēditiōnis sustinēre posset, Marium Statilium praefectum cum turmā Lūcānā explōrātum mittit.finally, when he could hold back neither the mutiny nor the leader of the mutiny in any other way, he sends Marius Statilius, a prefect, with a Lucanian troop to reconnoitre.

Liv. 22.42.5Quī ubi adequitāvit portīs subsistere extrā mūnīmenta cēterīs iussīs ipse cum duōbus equitibus vallum intrāvit, speculātusque omnia cum cūrā renūntiat īnsidiās profectō esse: ignēs in parte castrōrum, quae vergat in hostem, relictōs;When he had ridden up to the gates, he ordered the rest to halt outside the fortifications and himself entered the rampart with two horsemen; and having examined everything with care, he reports that there was certainly an ambush: fires had been left in the part of the camp facing the enemy; Liv. 22.42.6tabernācula aperta et omnia cāra in prōmptū relicta;the tents were open and everything of value left in plain view; Liv. 22.42.6argentum quibusdam locīs temerē per viās velut obiectum ad praedam vīdisse.he had seen silver in some places scattered carelessly along the paths, as if thrown out as bait for plunder. Liv. 22.42.7Quae ad dēterrendōs ā cupiditāte animōs nūntiāta erant, ea accendērunt, et clamōre ortō ā mīlitibus, nī signum dētur, sine ducibus itūrōs, haudquāquam dux dēfuit: nam extemplō Varrō signum dedit proficīscendī.What had been reported to deter their minds from greed inflamed them, and when a shout went up from the soldiers that, unless the signal was given, they would go without leaders, a leader was by no means lacking: for Varro at once gave the signal to march.

Liv. 22.42.8Paulus, cum eī suā sponte cūnctantī pullī quoque auspiciō nōn addīxissent, nūntiārī iam efferentī portā signa collēgae iussit.Paulus, since the sacred chickens too had refused their approval in the auspices while he was already hesitating of his own accord, ordered this to be reported to his colleague as he was already leading the standards out of the gate. Liv. 22.42.9Quod quamquam Varrō aegrē est passus, Flāminī tamen recēns cāsus Claudīque cōnsulis prīmō Pūnicō bellō memorāta nāvālis clādēs religiōnem animō incussit.Although Varro took this badly, yet the recent fate of Flaminius and the remembered naval disaster of the consul Claudius in the First Punic War struck religious fear into his mind. Liv. 22.42.10Dī prope ipsī eō diē magis distulēre quam prohibuēre inminentem pestem Rōmānīs: nam forte ita ēvēnit, ut, cum referrī signa in castra iubentī cōnsulī mīlitēs nōn pārērent, servī duo, Formiānī ūnus, alter Sidicīnī equitis, quī Servīliō atque Atīliō cōnsulibus inter pābulātōrēs exceptī ā Numidīs fuerant, profugerent eō diē ad dominōs;On that day the gods themselves almost postponed rather than prevented the ruin hanging over the Romans: for it happened by chance that, when the soldiers would not obey the consul ordering the standards to be carried back into camp, two slaves, one belonging to a horseman of Formiae, the other to one of Sidicinum, who had been captured by Numidians among the foragers in the consulship of Servilius and Atilius, escaped that day to their masters; Liv. 22.42.11dēductīque ad cōnsulēs nūntiant omnem exercitum Hannibalis trāns proximōs montēs sedēre in īnsidiīs.and, brought before the consuls, they report that Hannibal's whole army was sitting in ambush beyond the nearest mountains.

Liv. 22.42.12Hōrum opportūnus adventus cōnsulēs imperiī potentēs fēcit, cum ambitiō alterīus suam prīmum apud eōs prāvā indulgentiā maiestātem solvisset.Their timely arrival made the consuls masters of their command, after one of them, courting popularity, had first undermined his own authority with them by misguided indulgence.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×6, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (186 words)
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
illūcēscō (inlūcēscō), -ere, -lūxīgrow light, dawn
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
prīmō, adv.at first
statiō, -ōnis f.outpost, picket
deinde, adv.then, next
propius (comp. adv. and prep. + acc.)nearer, closer (to)
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
īnsolitus, -a, -umunaccustomed; unusual, strange
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
tum, adv.then, at that time
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertumfind out, learn
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
fuga, -ae, f.flight
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tabernāculum, -ī n.tent
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quoque, adv.also
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ignis, -is, m.fire
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
inde (adv.)from there; then
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
prōferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbring forward, bring out
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
que, enclitic conj.and
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
veluteven or just as, as
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
turba, -ae f.crowd
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
praecaveō, -cavēre, -cāvī, -cautusbeware beforehand, beware, be on one's guard
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
cum, prep, with abl.with
turma, -ae f.troop, squadron of cavalry
Lūcānus, -a, -umLucanian, of Lucania in southern Italy; as noun, a Lucanian
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
adequitō, -āre, -āvīride up (to)
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
subsistō, -ere, -stitīhalt, make a stand
extrā (prep. + acc.)outside, beyond
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
speculor, -ārī, -ātus sumspy, watch
omnis, -eall, every
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
renūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusbring back word, report, announce
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
profectō, adv.certainly, surely
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
vergō, -ereslope, lie (toward)
apertus, -a, -umopen
cārus, -a, -umdear, precious
prōmptus, -ūs m.only in prōmptū: in view, at hand, ready
argentum, -ī, n.silver
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
temerē, adv.rashly
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
via, -ae, f.road, way
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
sine, prep. with abl.without
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
haudquāquam, adv.in no wise, not at all
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
nam, conj.for
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
pullus, -ī m.young animal; colt (of a donkey)
auspicium, -ī n.taking of the auspices (reading the will of the gods from birds); omen
nōn, adv.not
addīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictus(of omens) give assent, be favourable; award
iam, adv.now, already
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
quamquam, conj.however much, although
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
Pūnicus, -a, -umPunic, Carthaginian; bella Pūnica: the wars with Carthage
bellum, -ī, n.war
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
nāvālis, -enaval, of ships
clādēs, -is f.disaster, defeat, destruction
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
incutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusstrike into, inspire (fear) in (+ dat.)
deus, -ī, m.god
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
pestis, -is f.plague, pest; ruin, destruction
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
Formiānus, -a, -umof Formiae, a coastal town of Latium
Sidicīnus, -a, -umof the Sidicini, a people of Campania
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
pābulātor, -ōris m.forager
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
profugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee, escape
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
mōns, montis, m.mountain
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
potēns, -entispowerful
ambitiō, -ōnis f.canvassing for office; ambition, desire for honours
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
prāvus, -a, -umcrooked; bad, wrong
indulgentia, -ae f.kindness, indulgence, favour
maiestās, -ātis f.greatness, dignity, majesty
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.