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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.6

Saguntum appeals to Rome

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Liv. 21.6.1Cum Saguntīnīs bellum nōndum erat, cēterum iam bellī causā certāmina cum fīnitimīs serēbantur, māxumē Turdetānīs.With the Saguntines there was not yet war, but already, to provide a cause of war, quarrels were being sown with their neighbours, especially the Turdetani. Liv. 21.6.2Quibus cum adesset īdem, quī lītis erat sator, nec certāmen iūris, sed vim quaerī appārēret, lēgātī ā Saguntīnīs Rōmam missī auxilium ad bellum iam haud dubiē imminēns ōrantēs.Since the same man who was the sower of the dispute was supporting these, and it was clear that what was sought was not a contest of rights but force, envoys were sent by the Saguntines to Rome, begging help for the war that now beyond doubt threatened. Liv. 21.6.3Cōnsulēs tunc Rōmae erant P. Cornēlius Scīpiō et Ti. Semprōnius Longus.The consuls at Rome at that time were Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus. Liv. 21.6.3Quī cum lēgātīs in senātum intrōductīs dē rē pūblicā rettulissent, placuissetque mittī lēgātōs in Hispāniam ad rēs sociōrum īnspiciendās, quibus sī vidērētur digna causa, et Hannibalī dēnūntiārent, ut ab Saguntīnīs, sociīs populī Rōmānī, abstinēret, et Carthāginem in Āfricam trāicerent ac sociōrum populī Rōmānī querimōniās dēferrent, - hāc lēgātiōne dēcrētā necdum missā, omnium spē celerius Saguntum oppugnārī allātum est.When they had brought the envoys into the senate and raised the question of state policy, and it had been decided to send envoys to Spain to look into the affairs of the allies, who, if they saw good cause, were both to warn Hannibal to keep his hands off the Saguntines, allies of the Roman people, and to cross to Carthage in Africa and lay the complaints of the allies of the Roman people before it — this embassy had been decreed but not yet sent when news came, sooner than anyone had expected, that Saguntum was under attack.

Liv. 21.6.5Tunc relāta dē integrō rēs ad senātum;Then the matter was referred afresh to the senate; Liv. 21.6.6et aliī prōvinciās cōnsulibus Hispāniam atque Āfricam dēcernentēs terrā marīque rem gerendam cēnsēbant, aliī tōtum in Hispāniam Hannibalemque intendēbant bellum;and some, proposing that Spain and Africa be assigned as provinces to the consuls, thought that the war should be waged by land and sea, while others wanted to direct the whole war against Spain and Hannibal; Liv. 21.6.7erant, quī nōn temerē movendam rem tantam expectandōsque ex Hispāniā lēgātōs cēnsērent.there were those who thought that so great an undertaking should not be set in motion rashly and that the envoys from Spain should be awaited. Liv. 21.6.8Haec sententia, quae tūtissima vidēbātur vīcit, lēgātī, que eō mātūrius missī P. Valerius Flaccus et Q. Baebius Tamphilus Saguntum ad Hannibalem atque inde Carthāginem, sī nōn absisterētur bellō, ad ducem ipsum in poenam foederis ruptī dēposcendum.This opinion, which seemed the safest, prevailed, and the envoys, Publius Valerius Flaccus and Quintus Baebius Tamphilus, were sent all the sooner to Saguntum to Hannibal, and from there to Carthage, if he did not desist from the war, to demand the general himself in punishment for the breaking of the treaty.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (96 words)
cum, prep, with abl.with
bellum, -ī, n.war
nōndum, adv.not yet
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
iam, adv.now, already
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
līs, lītis f.lawsuit, dispute; damages
sator, -ōris m.sower; father, creator
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
sed, conj.but
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
appāreō, -ēre, -uī, -itumappear, come into view, show oneself
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubiē (adv.)doubtfully; haud dubiē: without doubt
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
senātus, -ūs m.senate
intrōdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumlead in, bring in
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
que, enclitic conj.and
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
īnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook into or upon
sī, conj.if
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
dēnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumannounce, declare; warn
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
querimōnia, -ae f.complaint, grievance
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
necdum (adv.)and not yet, not yet
omnis, -eall, every
spēs, speī, f.hope
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mare, maris, n.sea
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
nōn, adv.not
temerē, adv.rashly
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
mātūrē (adv.; superl. mātūrrimē)early, quickly
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
inde (adv.)from there; then
absistō, -ere, abstitīstand away from, keep off
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
dēposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand, call for
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.