LectitōOpen the reader

Lectitō › Livy › History of Rome, Book 21 › Ab Urbe Condita 21.53

Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.53

Sempronius presses for battle

English onlyRead it word by word

Liv. 21.53.1Cēterum nēminī omnium maior ea iūstiorque quam ipsī cōnsulī vidērī;But to no one at all did that victory seem greater or more complete than to the consul himself; Liv. 21.53.1gaudiō efferrī, quā parte cōpiārum alter cōnsul victus foret, eā sē vīcisse: restitūtōs ac refectōs mīlitibus animōs, nec quemquam esse praeter conlēgam, quī dīlātam dīmicātiōnem vellet;he was carried away with joy that he had won with the very part of the forces in which the other consul had been beaten: the soldiers' spirits were restored and revived, and there was no one except his colleague who wanted the fight put off; Liv. 21.53.2eum animō magis quam corpore aegrum memoriā vulneris aciem ac tēla horrēre.he, sick in mind more than in body, shrank from battle-line and weapons through the memory of his wound. Liv. 21.53.2Sed nōn esse cum aegrō senēscendum.But one should not grow old alongside a sick man. Liv. 21.53.3Quid enim ultrā differrī aut terī tempus?For why should time be put off or wasted any longer? Liv. 21.53.3Quem tertium cōnsulem, quem alium exercitum expectārī?What third consul, what other army were they waiting for?

Liv. 21.53.4Castra Carthāginiēnsium in Ītaliā ac prope in cōnspectū urbis esse.The camp of the Carthaginians was in Italy and almost within sight of the City. Liv. 21.53.4Nōn Siciliam ac Sardiniam victīs adēmptās nec cis Hibērum Hispāniam petī, sed solō patriō terrāque, in quā genitī forent, pellī Rōmānōs "quantum ingemīscant" inquit "patrēs nostrī circā moenia Carthāginis bellāre solitī, sī videant nōs, prōgeniem suam, duōs cōnsulēs cōnsulārēsque exercitūs, in mediā Ītaliā paventīs intrā castra, Poenum, quod inter Alpīs Appennīnumque agrī sit, suae diciōnis fēcisse?"It was not Sicily and Sardinia, taken from the conquered, nor Spain this side of the Ebro that was being sought, but the Romans were being driven from their fathers' soil and the land in which they had been born. 'How deeply,' he said, 'would our fathers groan, who used to wage war around the walls of Carthage, if they saw us, their offspring, two consuls and two consular armies, cowering inside our camp in the middle of Italy, and the Carthaginian having made all the land between the Alps and the Apennines his own domain?' Liv. 21.53.6Haec adsidēns aegrō collēgae, haec in praetōriō prope cōntiōnābundus agere.This he urged as he sat beside his sick colleague, this at headquarters, almost as if haranguing an assembly.

Liv. 21.53.6Stimulābat et tempus propinquum comitiōrum, nē in novōs cōnsulēs bellum differrētur, et occāsiō in sē ūnum vertendae glōriae, dum aeger collēga erat.He was spurred on too by the nearness of the time for the elections, lest the war be passed on to new consuls, and by the chance of turning the glory to himself alone while his colleague was ill. Liv. 21.53.7Itaque nēquīquam dissentiente Cornēliō parārī ad propinquum certāmen mīlitēs iubet.And so, though Cornelius disagreed in vain, he orders the soldiers to make ready for an imminent battle. Liv. 21.53.7Hannibal cum, quid optimum foret hostī, cerneret, vix ūllam spem habēbat temerē atque inprōvidē quicquam cōnsulēs āctūrōs;Hannibal, since he saw what would be best for the enemy, had scarcely any hope that the consuls would do anything rash or improvident; Liv. 21.53.8cum alterīus ingenium, fāmā prius, deinde rē cognitum, percitum ac ferōx scīret esse ferōciusque factum prosperō cum praedātōribus suīs certāmine crēderet, adesse gerendae reī fortūnam haud diffīdēbat.but since he knew that the temper of one of them, known first by report and then from experience, was excitable and fierce, and believed it had grown fiercer through the successful clash with his raiders, he did not doubt that the opportunity for action was at hand.

Liv. 21.53.9Cuius nē quod praetermitteret tempus, sollicitus intentusque erat, dum tīrō hostium mīles esset, dum meliōrem ex ducibus inūtilem vulnus faceret, dum Gallōrum animī vigērent, quōrum ingentem multitūdinem sciēbat segnius secūtūram, quantō longius ab domō traherentur.He was anxious and alert not to let slip any moment for this, while the enemy's soldiers were raw recruits, while his wound kept the better of the generals out of action, while the spirits of the Gauls were vigorous, whose huge numbers he knew would follow more sluggishly the farther they were drawn from home. Liv. 21.53.11Cum ob haec tāliaque spērāret propinquum certāmen et facere, sī cessārētur, cuperet, speculātōrēsque Gallī, ad ea explōranda, quae vellet, tūtiōrēs, quia in utrīsque castrīs mīlitābant, parātōs pugnae esse Rōmānōs rettulissent, locum īnsidiīs circumspectāre Poenus coepit.Since for these and similar reasons he hoped for a battle soon and wished to bring one on if there were delay, and since Gallic scouts, safer for exploring what he wanted because they served in both camps, had reported that the Romans were ready for battle, the Carthaginian began to look about for a place for an ambush.

Read the Latin itself: tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and keep your place.

Read in Lectitō

Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (178 words)
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
omnis, -eall, every
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
iūstus, -a, -umjust
que, enclitic conj.and
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
reficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake anew, renew, repair
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
dīmicātiō, -ōnis f.fight, struggle, combat
volō, velle, voluīwish
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
corpus, corporis, n.body
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
memoria, -ae, f.memory
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
sed, conj.but
nōn, adv.not
cum, prep, with abl.with
senēscō, -ere, senuīgrow old
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
enim, conj.for
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tertius, -a, -umthird
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
cōnspectus, -ūs, m.sight
urbs, urbis, f.city
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
cis (prep. + acc.)on this side of
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
gignō, gignere, genuī, genitusproduce, bring forth
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
quantum, adv.how much? how?
ingemīscō, -ere, -gemuīgroan, sigh deeply
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
pater, patris, m.father
noster, -tra, -trumour
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
sī, conj.if
nōsplur. of ego
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
paveō, -ēre, pāvībe terrified, tremble
intrā, prep. with acc.within
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
ager, agri, m.field, land
diciō, -ōnis f.power, rule, control
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
adsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessumsit down (by), take one's seat
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
cōntiōnābundus, -a, -umharanguing, speaking as if to a public meeting
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
stimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgoad, spur on, incite
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
bellum, -ī, n.war
occāsiō, -ōnis, f.chance, opportunity
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
glōria, -ae, f.glory
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
dissentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsusdisagree, differ
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
bonus, -a, -umgood
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
ūllus, -a, -umany
spēs, speī, f.hope
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
temerē, adv.rashly
imprōvidē (adv.)without foresight, incautiously, rashly
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
prius, adv.before, first
deinde, adv.then, next
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
perciō, -īre, -īvī, -itusstir up; percitus: roused, excited
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
praedātor, -ōris m.plunderer, robber
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
praetermittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missuslet pass, neglect, omit
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
tīrō, -ōnis m.a recruit, a raw soldier
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
inūtilis, -enot useful, useless
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
longē, adv.far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
tālis, -esuch
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
speculātor, -ōris m.spy, scout
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
quia (conj.)because
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
circumspectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook round (at), keep looking about; watch for
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.