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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.48

Gallic desertion and the fall of Clastidium

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Liv. 21.48.1Īnsequentī nocte caedēs in castrīs Rōmānīs, tumultū tamen quam rē maior, ab auxiliāribus Gallīs facta est.The following night a massacre was carried out in the Roman camp by the Gallic auxiliaries, greater, however, in the uproar it caused than in its effect. Liv. 21.48.2Ad duo mīlia peditum et ducentī equitēs vigilibus ad portās trucīdātīs ad Hannibalem trānsfugiunt;About two thousand infantry and two hundred cavalry kill the sentries at the gates and desert to Hannibal; Liv. 21.48.2quōs Poenus benignē adlocūtus et spē ingentium dōnōrum accēnsōs in cīvitātēs quemque suās ad sollicitandōs populārium animōs dīmīsit.the Carthaginian addressed them kindly and, having fired them with the hope of huge gifts, sent them off each to his own state to win over the minds of their countrymen. Liv. 21.48.3Scīpiō, caedem eam signum dēfectiōnis omnium Gallōrum esse ratus contāctōsque eō scelere velut iniectā rabiē ad arma itūrōs, quamquam gravis adhūc vulnere erat, tamen quartā vigiliā noctis īnsequentis tacitō agmine profectus ad Trebiam fluvium iam in loca altiōra collīsque impedītiōrēs equitī castra movet.Scipio, thinking that this massacre was a signal of revolt by all the Gauls, and that, infected by this crime, they would rush to arms as though seized by madness, although still suffering badly from his wound, nevertheless set out silently in the fourth watch of the following night and moves his camp to the river Trebia, to higher ground and hills more difficult for cavalry.

Liv. 21.48.5Minus quam ad Ticīnum fefellit;He escaped notice less than at the Ticinus; Liv. 21.48.5missīsque Hannibal prīmum Numidīs deinde omnī equitātū turbāsset utique novissimum agmen, nī aviditāte praedae in vacua Rōmāna castra Numidae dēvertissent.and Hannibal, sending first the Numidians and then all his cavalry, would certainly have thrown at least the rear of the column into confusion, had not the Numidians, from greed for plunder, turned aside into the empty Roman camp. Liv. 21.48.6Ibi dum perscrūtantēs loca omnia castrōrum nūllō satis dignō morae pretiō tempus terunt, ēmissus hostis est dē manibus;While they waste time there searching every part of the camp for no reward worth the delay, the enemy slipped out of their hands; Liv. 21.48.6et cum iam trānsgressōs Trebiam Rōmānōs mētantīsque castra cōnspēxissent, paucōs morātōrum occīdērunt citrā flūmen interceptōs.and when they caught sight of the Romans already across the Trebia and marking out their camp, they cut off and killed a few stragglers on this side of the river. Liv. 21.48.7Scīpiō, nec vexātiōnem vulneris in viā iactātī ultrā patiēns et collēgam — iam enim et revocātum ex Siciliā audierat — ratus exspectandum, locum, quī prope flūmen tūtissimus statīvīs est vīsus, dēlēctum commūniit.Scipio, unable to bear any longer the pain of his wound as it was jolted on the road, and thinking that he should wait for his colleague — for he had already heard that he had been recalled from Sicily — chose and fortified the place by the river that seemed safest for a standing camp.

Liv. 21.48.8Nec procul inde Hannibal cum cōnsēdisset, quantum victōriā equestrī ēlātus, tantum ānxius inopiā, quae per hostium agrōs euntem nūsquam praeparātīs commeātibus maior in diēs excipiēbat, ad Clastidium vīcum, quō magnum frūmentī numerum congesserant Rōmānī, mittit.Hannibal, having encamped not far from there, as elated by his cavalry victory as he was anxious about the shortage of supplies, which grew greater every day as he marched through enemy territory with no provisions prepared anywhere, sends to the village of Clastidium, where the Romans had collected a great quantity of grain. Liv. 21.48.9Ibi cum vim parārent, spēs facta prōditiōnis;There, as they were preparing to use force, hope of betrayal was offered; Liv. 21.48.9nec sānē magnō pretiō, nummīs aureīs quadringentīs, Dāsiō Brundisīnō praefectō praesidiī corruptō trāditur Hannibalī Clastidium.and for no great price, four hundred gold pieces, Dasius of Brundisium, the commander of the garrison, was bribed, and Clastidium is handed over to Hannibal. Liv. 21.48.10Id horreum fuit Poenīs sedentibus ad Trebiam.This served as a granary for the Carthaginians while they lay at the Trebia. Liv. 21.48.10In captīvōs ex trāditō praesidiō, ut fāma clēmentiae in prīncipiō rērum colligerētur, nihil saevītum est.No cruelty was shown to the prisoners from the surrendered garrison, so that a reputation for clemency might be won at the outset of the campaign.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×2, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (169 words)
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
nox, noctis, f.night
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tumultus, -ūs m.uproar, uprising
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
auxiliāris, -e; as noun, -is m.auxiliary; (pl.) auxiliary troops
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ducentī, -ae, -atwo hundred
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
vigil, -is m.watchman, sentry
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
trucīdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusslaughter, butcher
trānsfugiō, -ere, -fūgīdesert, go over to the enemy
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
benignē, adv.kindly
alloquor (adloquor), -loquī, -locūtus sumspeak to, address
spēs, speī, f.hope
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
omnis, -eall, every
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
que, enclitic conj.and
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
veluteven or just as, as
iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in or upon; cause, inspire
rabiēs, -ēī f.madness, fury
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
quamquam, conj.however much, although
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
quartus, -a, -umfourth
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
fluvius, -ī m.river, stream
iam, adv.now, already
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
collis, -is m.hill
impedītus, -a, -umhindered; hard to cross, impassable
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
minus, comp. adv.less
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
deinde, adv.then, next
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
turbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconfuse, throw into disorder, disturb, trouble
utique (adv.)certainly, by all means; yes indeed
novissimus, -a, -umlast (novissimum agmen: the rear)
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
aviditās, -ātis f.greed, eager desire
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
vacuus, -a, -umempty
dēvertō, -vertere, -vertīturn away or aside
ibi, adv.in that place, there
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
perscrūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumsearch thoroughly, examine closely
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
mora, -ae, f.delay
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
terō, -ere, trīvī, trītusrub, wear away; tempus terere: waste time
ēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend out or forth
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
trānsgredior, -ī, -gressus sumcross over
mētor, -ārī, -ātus summeasure out, mark out
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
flūmen, -minis, n.river
intercipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptumintercept, catch
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vexātiō, -ōnis f.harassment, abuse, ill-treatment
via, -ae, f.road, way
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
collēga, -ae m.colleague, fellow official
enim, conj.for
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
statīva, -ōrum n. pl.a standing camp, permanent camp
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dēligō, -ligere, -lēgī, -lēctuschoose out, choose, select
commūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumfortify strongly
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
inde (adv.)from there; then
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
quantum, adv.how much? how?
victōria, -ae, f.victory
equester, -tris, -treof cavalry
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
praeparō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprepare beforehand
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
vīcus, -ī, m.village
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
numerus, -ī, m.number
congerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestusheap up, bring together
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
prōditiō, -ōnis f.treachery, betrayal
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
nummus, -ī, m.coin
aureus, -a, -umof gold, golden
quadringentī, -ae, -afour hundred
Brundisīnus, -a, -umof Brundisium
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
horreum, -ī n.granary, storehouse
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
clēmentia, -ae, f.mercy, kindness
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.