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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.45

Hannibal promises rewards to his men

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Liv. 21.45.1Hīs adhortātiōnibus cum utrimque ad certāmen accēnsī mīlitum animī essent, Rōmānī ponte Ticīnum iungunt tūtandīque pontis causā castellum īnsuper inpōnunt;When the soldiers' spirits on both sides had been fired for the contest by these exhortations, the Romans bridge the Ticinus and set a fort on top to protect the bridge; Liv. 21.45.2Poenus hostibus opere occupātīs Maharbalem cum alā Numidārum, equitibus quīngentīs, ad dēpopulandōs sociōrum populī Rōmānī agrōs mittit;the Carthaginian, while the enemy was busy with the work, sends Maharbal with a squadron of Numidians, five hundred horsemen, to lay waste the lands of the allies of the Roman people; Liv. 21.45.3Gallīs parcī quam maximē iubet prīncipumque animōs ad dēfectiōnem sollicitārī.he orders the Gauls to be spared as far as possible and the minds of their chiefs to be tempted to revolt. Liv. 21.45.3Ponte perfectō trāductus Rōmānus exercitus in agrum Īnsubrium quīnque mīlia passum ā Uictumulīs cōnsēdit.When the bridge was finished, the Roman army was led across into the territory of the Insubres and took up position five miles from Victumulae.

Liv. 21.45.4Ibi Hannibal castra habēbat;There Hannibal had his camp; Liv. 21.45.4revocātōque properē Maharbale atque equitibus, cum īnstāre certāmen cerneret, nihil umquam satis dictum praemonitumque ad cohortandōs mīlitēs ratus, vocātīs ad contiōnem certa praemia prōnūntiat, in quōrum spem pugnārent: agrum sēsē datūrum esse in Ītaliā Āfricā Hispāniā, ubi quisque velit, immūnem ipsī, quī accēpisset, līberīsque;and having hastily recalled Maharbal and the cavalry, seeing that battle was imminent, and thinking that nothing could ever be said and urged enough to encourage his soldiers, he called them to an assembly and announced definite rewards in hope of which they were to fight: he would give them land in Italy, Africa or Spain, wherever each wished, free of tax for the man who received it and for his children; Liv. 21.45.5quī pecūniam quam agrum māluisset, eī sē argentō satisfactūrum;to anyone who preferred money to land he would make it good in silver; Liv. 21.45.6quī sociōrum cīvēs Carthāginiēnsēs fierī vellent, potestātem factūrum;to those of the allies who wished to become Carthaginian citizens, he would give the right; Liv. 21.45.6quī domōs redīre māllent, datūrum sē operam, nē cuius suōrum populārium mūtātam sēcum fortūnam esse vellent.for those who preferred to return home, he would take care that they would not wish to exchange their lot with that of any of their countrymen.

Liv. 21.45.7Servīs quoque dominōs prōsecūtīs lībertātem prōpōnit, bīnaque prō iīs mancipia dominīs sē redditūrum.To the slaves, too, who had followed their masters he offers freedom, and says he will give the masters two slaves in return for each. Liv. 21.45.8Eaque ut rata scīrent fore, agnum laevā manū, dextrā silicem retinēns, sī falleret, Iovem cēterōsque precātus deōs, ita sē mactārent, quem ad modum ipse agnum mactāsset, secundum precātiōnem caput pecudis saxō ēlīsit.And so that they might know these promises would be kept, holding a lamb in his left hand and a flint in his right, he prayed to Jupiter and the other gods that, if he broke his word, they should slay him just as he had slain the lamb, and after the prayer he dashed in the animal's head with the stone. Liv. 21.45.9Tum vērō omnēs, velut diīs auctōribus in spem suam quisque acceptīs, id morae, quod nōndum pugnārent, ad potienda spērāta ratī, proelium ūnō animō et vōce ūnā poscunt.Then indeed all of them, as though each had received the gods' warrant for his hopes, and thinking that the only delay in winning what they hoped for was that they were not yet fighting, demand battle with one mind and one voice.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×4, ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (145 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
adhortātiō, -ōnis f.encouragement, exhortation
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
pōns, pontis, m.bridge
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
tūtor, -ārī, -ātus sumprotect, guard
que, enclitic conj.and
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
īnsuper (adv.)above, on top; besides
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
opus, operis, n.work, task
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
cum, prep, with abl.with
ala, -ae, f.wing
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
quīngentī, -ae, -afive hundred
dēpopulor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, ravage
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ager, agri, m.field, land
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quīnquefive
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
ibi, adv.in that place, there
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
properē (adv.)quickly, in haste
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
umquam, adv.ever
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
praemoneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn beforehand, forewarn
cohortor, -hortārī, -hortātusencourage, exhort
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
praemium, -ī, n.reward
prōnūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusproclaim, announce
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
spēs, speī, f.hope
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
volō, velle, voluīwish
immūnis, -efree from tribute or public burdens, exempt
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
argentum, -ī, n.silver
satisfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum (+ dat.)satisfy; make amends, apologize
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
quoque, adv.also
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
bīnī, -ae, -atwo each, two at a time
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
mancipium, -ī n.a slave (as property); formal purchase, ownership
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ratus, -a, -umfixed, settled, valid; (reor) having thought
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
agnus, -ī m.lamb
laevus, -a, -umleft; ad laevam (manum): on the left
manus, -ūs, f.hand
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
silex, -icis m.flint
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
sī, conj.if
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
precor, -ārī, -ātus sumpray, beg
deus, -ī, m.god
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussacrifice; slaughter; punish
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
secundum (prep. + acc.)after, besides; along
precātiō, -ōnis f.prayer
caput, capitis, n.head
pecus, pecudis, f.head of cattle, beast, sheep, goat
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
ēlīdō, -ere, -līsī, -līsusdash out, dash down
tum, adv.then, at that time
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
omnis, -eall, every
veluteven or just as, as
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
mora, -ae, f.delay
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nōndum, adv.not yet
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.