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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.43

Hannibal addresses his army

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Liv. 21.43.1Cum sīc aliquot spectātīs paribus adfectōs dīmīsisset, contiōne inde advocātā ita apud eōs locūtus fertur: "sī, quem animum in aliēnae sortis exemplō paulō ante habuistis, eundem mox in aestimandā fortūnā vestrā habueritis, vīcimus, mīlitēs;When, after watching a number of pairs, he had dismissed them in this frame of mind, he then called an assembly and is said to have spoken to them as follows: 'If you show presently, in judging your own fortune, the same spirit that you showed a little while ago at the example of another's lot, we have won, soldiers; Liv. 21.43.2neque enim spectāculum modo illud, sed quaedam velutī imāgō vestrae condiciōnis erat.for that was not merely a spectacle but, as it were, a kind of image of your own condition. Liv. 21.43.3Ac nesciō an maiōra vincula maiōrēsque necessitātēs vōbīs quam captīvīs vestrīs fortūna circumdederit: dextrā laevāque duo maria claudunt nūllam nē ad effugium quidem nāvem habentīs, circā Padus amnis maior ac violentior Rhodanō, ab tergō Alpēs urgent, vix integrīs vōbīs ac vigentibus trānsitae.And I am not sure that fortune has not bound you with greater chains and harsher necessities than your captives: on the right and left two seas shut you in, and you have not a single ship even for escape; around you is the river Po, greater and more violent than the Rhône; behind you press the Alps, which you crossed barely when you were fresh and vigorous.

Liv. 21.43.5Hīc vincendum aut moriendum, mīlitēs, est, ubi prīmum hostī occurristis.Here, soldiers, where you have first met the enemy, you must conquer or die. Liv. 21.43.5Et eadem fortūna, quae necessitātem pugnandī imposuit, praemia vōbīs ea victōribus prōpōnit, quibus ampliōra hominēs nē ab diīs quidem immortālibus optāre solent.And the same fortune that has laid on you the necessity of fighting holds out to you, if you win, rewards such that men do not usually pray for greater even from the immortal gods. Liv. 21.43.6Sī Siciliam tantum ac Sardiniam parentibus nostrīs ēreptās nostrā virtūte recuperātūrī essēmus, satis tamen ampla pretia essent: quidquid Rōmānī tot triumphīs partum congestumque possident, id omne vestrum cum ipsīs dominīs futūrum est.If we were only going to recover by our courage Sicily and Sardinia, which were snatched from our fathers, the prizes would still be ample enough: but whatever the Romans possess, won and amassed in so many triumphs, all of it is going to be yours, together with its very owners. Liv. 21.43.7In hanc tam opīmam mercēdem, agite dum, diīs bene iuvantibus arma capite.To win this rich reward, come then, take up your arms, with the gods' good help.

Liv. 21.43.8Satis adhūc in vāstīs Lūsītāniae Celtibēriaeque montibus pecora cōnsectandō nūllum ēmolumentum tot labōrum perīculōrumque vestrōrum vīdistis;Long enough have you chased flocks in the vast mountains of Lusitania and Celtiberia and seen no profit from all your toils and dangers; Liv. 21.43.9tempus est iam opulenta vōs ac dītia stīpendia facere et magna operae pretia merērī, tantum itineris per tot montēs flūminaque et tot armātās gentēs ēmēnsōs.it is time now for you to serve rich and wealthy campaigns and to earn great rewards for your labour, now that you have travelled so long a road through so many mountains and rivers and so many armed nations. Liv. 21.43.10Hīc vōbīs terminum labōrum fortūna dedit;Here fortune has given you the end of your toils; Liv. 21.43.10hīc dignam mercēdem ēmeritīs stīpendiīs dabit.here she will give you a worthy reward when your service is done. Liv. 21.43.11Nec, quam magnī nōminis bellum est, tam difficilem exīstimārītis victōriam fore: saepe et contemptus hostis cruentum certāmen ēdidit et inclutī populī rēgēsque perlevī mōmentō victī sunt.And do not suppose that victory will be as difficult as the war is great in name: often a despised enemy has produced a bloody contest, and famous peoples and kings have been defeated with the slightest effort.

Liv. 21.43.12Nam dēmptō hōc ūnō fulgōre nōminis Rōmānī quid est, cūr illī vōbīs comparandī sint?For take away this one glitter of the Roman name, and what is there in which they are to be compared with you? Liv. 21.43.13Ut vīgintī annōrum mīlitiam vestram cum illā virtūte, cum illā fortūnā taceam, ab Herculis columnīs, ab Oceanō terminīsque ultimīs terrārum per tot ferōcissimōs Hispāniae et Galliae populōs vincentēs hūc pervēnistis;To say nothing of your twenty years of service, with that valour of yours and that fortune, you have come here from the Pillars of Hercules, from the Ocean and the farthest bounds of the earth, victorious through so many of the fiercest peoples of Spain and Gaul; Liv. 21.43.14pugnābitis cum exercitū tīrōne, hāc ipsā aestāte caesō victō circumsessō ā Gallīs, ignōtō adhūc ducī suō ignōrantīque ducem an mē in praetōriō patris, clārissimī imperātōris, prope nātum, certē ēductum, domitōrem Hispāniae Galliaeque, victōrem eundem nōn Alpīnārum modo gentium sed ipsārum, quod multō maius est, Alpium, cum sēmēnstrī hōc cōnferam duce, dēsertōre exercitūs suī?you will fight with an army of recruits, which this very summer was cut to pieces, beaten and besieged by the Gauls, still unknown to its general and not knowing him. Or am I, who was almost born, and certainly brought up, in the headquarters tent of my father, a most illustrious commander, I, the conqueror of Spain and Gaul, the victor likewise not only of the Alpine tribes but, what is far greater, of the Alps themselves, to compare myself with this six-month general, the deserter of his own army?

Liv. 21.43.16Cui sī quis dēmptīs signīs Poenōs Rōmānōsque hodiē ostendat, ignōrātūrum certum habeō, utrīus exercitūs sit cōnsul.If anyone were to show him the Carthaginians and the Romans today with their standards removed, I am certain that he would not know of which army he is consul. Liv. 21.43.17Nōn ego illud parvī aestimō, mīlitēs, quod nēmō est vestrum, cuius nōn ante oculōs ipse saepe mīlitāre aliquod ēdiderim facinus, cui nōn īdem ego virtūtis spectātor ac testis notāta temporibus locīsque referre sua possim decora.I do not count it a small thing, soldiers, that there is not one of you before whose eyes I have not myself often performed some feat of arms, and none to whom I, the spectator and witness of his courage, cannot recount his own distinctions, noted with their times and places. Liv. 21.43.18Cum laudātīs ā mē mīliēns dōnātīsque alumnus prius omnium vestrum quam imperātor, prōcēdam in aciem adversus ignōtōs inter sē ignōrantēsque.With men whom I have praised and rewarded a thousand times, I, the foster-child of you all before I was your commander, shall advance into battle against men unknown to and ignorant of each other.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×6, ablative absolute ×5, indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (241 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
sīc, adv.so, thus
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
pār, parisequal
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
inde (adv.)from there; then
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
sī, conj.if
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
sors, sortis, f.lot
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
mox, adv.soon
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
vester, -tra, -trumyour
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
modo, adv.only
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sed, conj.but
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
velutī (adv.)just as, as if
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
an, conj.or (in questions)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
que, enclitic conj.and
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
vōsplur. of tū
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
laevus, -a, -umleft; ad laevam (manum): on the left
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
mare, maris, n.sea
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
effugium, -ī n.escape, flight
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
nāvis, -is, f.ship
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
amnis, -is m.river
violentus, -a, -umviolent, forceful
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tergum, -ī, n.back
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
vigeō, -ēre, -uībe strong, thrive, flourish
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
morior, morī, mortuusdie
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
praemium, -ī, n.reward
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
homō, hominis, m.man
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
noster, -tra, -trumour
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tot (indecl.)so many
triumphus, -ī m.triumph, a victorious general's procession
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
congerō, -ere, -gessī, -gestusheap up, bring together
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
omnis, -eall, every
cum, prep, with abl.with
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tam, adv.so
opīmus, -a, -umrich; spolia opīma: the spoils taken by a commander who killed the enemy commander
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
bene, adv.well; successfully
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
vāstus, -a, -umwaste, huge, enormous, vast
mōns, montis, m.mountain
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
cōnsector, -ārī, -ātus sumpursue, chase
ēmolumentum, -ī n.profit, advantage, gain
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
iam, adv.now, already
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
flūmen, -minis, n.river
armātus, -a, -umarmed
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
ēmētior, -īrī, ēmēnsus summeasure out; travel over, traverse; live through
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
ēmereō, -ēre, -meruī, -meritusearn, deserve; serve out; (perf. part.) worn out, finished, retired
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
bellum, -ī, n.war
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
victōria, -ae, f.victory
saepe, adv.often, frequently
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
inclutus (inclitus), -a, -umfamous, renowned
populus, -ī m.people, nation
rēx, rēgis, m.king
perlevis, -every slight, trifling
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
nam, conj.for
dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptustake away, remove
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
fulgor, -ōris m.flash, glare, brightness
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
cūr, adv.why
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
annus, -ī, m.year
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
columna, -ae, f.column, pillar
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
tīrō, -ōnis m.a recruit, a raw soldier
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
circumsedeō, -sedēre, -sēdī, -sessussit around, surround; besiege
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
praetōrium, -ī n.governor's residence, headquarters
pater, patris, m.father
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
domitor, -ōris m.tamer, breaker (of horses); conqueror
nōn, adv.not
Alpīnus, -a, -umof the Alps, Alpine
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
sēmēnstris, -eof six months, lasting six months
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
dēsertor, -ōris m.deserter
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
hodiē (adv.)today
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
quod, conj.that, in that, because
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
oculus, -ī, m.eye
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
spectātor, -ōris, m.looker-on, spectator
testis, -is m./f.witness
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
mīliēns (adv.)a thousand times; (with sēstertium) a hundred million sesterces
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
alumnus, -ī m.foster-child, nursling
prius, adv.before, first
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.