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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.42

The duel of the captive mountaineers

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Liv. 21.42.1Haec apud Rōmānōs cōnsul.So the consul to the Romans. Liv. 21.42.1Hannibal rēbus prius quam verbīs adhortandōs mīlitēs ratus circumdatō ad spectāculum exercitū captīvōs montānōs vinctōs in mediō statuit armīsque Gallicīs ante pedēs eōrum prōiectīs interrogāre interpretem iussit, ecquis, sī vinculīs levārētur armaque et equum victor acciperet, dēcertāre ferrō vellet.Hannibal, thinking that his soldiers should be encouraged by deeds before words, set his army round to watch a spectacle and placed some captive mountaineers in chains in the middle, and, after Gallic weapons had been thrown down before their feet, ordered an interpreter to ask whether any of them, if he were released from his chains and should receive arms and a horse as victor, was willing to fight it out with the sword. Liv. 21.42.2Cum ad ūnum omnēs ferrum pugnamque poscerent et dēiecta in id sors esset, sē quisque eum optābat, quem fortūna in id certāmen legeret;When all to a man called for the sword and a fight, and lots had been cast for that purpose, each one prayed that he might be the one whom fortune would choose for that contest; Liv. 21.42.3cuiusque sors exciderat, alacer inter grātulantēs gaudiō exsultāns cum suī mōris tripudiīs arma raptim capiēbat.and each man whose lot had leapt out eagerly snatched up the arms, leaping for joy among those who congratulated him, with the war dances of his people.

Liv. 21.42.4Ubi vērō dīmicārent, is habitus animōrum nōn inter eiusdem modo condiciōnis hominēs erat sed etiam inter spectantēs vulgō, ut nōn vincentium magis quam bene morientium fortūna laudārētur.But when they fought, such was the feeling not only among men of the same condition but generally among the spectators too, that the fortune of those who died well was praised no less than that of those who won.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (89 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
prius, adv.before, first
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
verbum, -ī, n.word
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
spectāculum, -ī n.sight, spectacle, show
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
captīvus, -a, -umcaptive
montānus, -a, -umof the mountains, mountain-
vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctusbind
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
que, enclitic conj.and
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
pēs, pedis, m.foot
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
interpres, -pretis m.interpreter
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ecquis, ecquidis there any...? (ecquid: anything; in indirect questions, whether anything)
sī, conj.if
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
levō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift; lighten, relieve
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
equus, -ī, m.horse
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
dēcertō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight it out, fight a decisive battle
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
volō, velle, voluīwish
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
omnis, -eall, every
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
dēiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow down, cast, drive out of one's course
sors, sortis, f.lot
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
excidō, -ere, -cidīfall out, slip out
alacer, -cris, -creeager, keen
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
cum, prep, with abl.with
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
tripudium, -ī n.a ritual dance in triple time
raptim, adv.hurriedly, in haste
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
nōn, adv.not
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
modo, adv.only
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
homō, hominis, m.man
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
bene, adv.well; successfully
morior, morī, mortuusdie
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.