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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.23

Hannibal crosses the Ebro

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Liv. 21.23.1Hōc vīsū laetus tripertītō Hibērum cōpiās trāiēcit praemissīs, quī Gallōrum animōs, quā trādūcendus exercitus erat, dōnīs conciliārent Alpiumque trānsitūs speculārentur.Gladdened by this vision, he took his forces across the Ebro in three divisions, having sent men ahead to win over with gifts the minds of the Gauls where the army was to be led through, and to reconnoitre the passes of the Alps. Liv. 21.23.1Nōnāgintā mīlia peditum, duodecim mīlia equitum Hibērum trādūxit.He led ninety thousand infantry and twelve thousand cavalry across the Ebro. Liv. 21.23.2Ilergetēs inde Bargusiōsque et Ausētānōs et Lacetāniam, quae subiecta Pȳrēnaeīs montibus est, subēgit ōraeque huic omnī praefēcit Hannōnem, ut faucēs, quae Hispāniās Galliīs iungunt, in potestāte essent.Then he subdued the Ilergetes, the Bargusii and the Ausetani, and Lacetania, which lies beneath the Pyrenees, and put Hanno in command of all this coast, so that the passes which join the Spains to the Gauls should be in his power. Liv. 21.23.3Decem mīlia peditum Hannōnī ad praesidium obtinendae regiōnis data et mīlle equitēs.Ten thousand infantry and a thousand cavalry were given to Hanno as a garrison for holding the region.

Liv. 21.23.4Postquam per Pȳrēnaeum saltum trādūcī exercitus est coeptus rūmorque per barbarōs mānāvit certior dē bellō Rōmānō, tria mīlia inde Carpetānōrum peditum iter āvertērunt.After the army began to be led through the pass of the Pyrenees and a more certain rumour of the war with Rome spread among the barbarians, three thousand Carpetanian infantry turned back from the march. Liv. 21.23.4Cōnstābat nōn tam bellō mōtōs quam longinquitāte viae inexsuperābilīque Alpium trānsitū.It was well known that they had been moved not so much by the war as by the length of the journey and the insurmountable crossing of the Alps. Liv. 21.23.5Hannibal, quia revocāre aut vī retinēre eōs anceps erat, nē cēterōrum etiam ferōcēs animī inrītārentur, suprā septem mīlia hominum domōs remīsit, quōs et ipsōs gravārī mīlitiā sēnserat, Carpetānōs quoque ab sē dīmissōs simulāns.Hannibal, because it was hazardous to recall them or keep them back by force, lest the fierce spirits of the rest too should be provoked, sent home more than seven thousand men whom he had perceived to be themselves weary of service, pretending that the Carpetani too had been dismissed by him.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (91 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vīsus, -ūs, m.sight
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
tripertītō (adv.)in three divisions
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
praemittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend ahead
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quā, adv.in which place, where
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
conciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwin over; win, obtain
que, enclitic conj.and
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
speculor, -ārī, -ātus sumspy, watch
nōnāgintā (indecl.)ninety
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
duodecim, indecl. adj.twelve
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
inde (adv.)from there; then
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
subiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow or place under
Pȳrēnaeus, -a, -umof the Pyrenees (Pȳrēnaeī montēs: the Pyrenees)
mōns, montis, m.mountain
subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctusbring under, subdue; force, compel
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
omnis, -eall, every
praeficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumput in charge of
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
faucēs, -ium f. pl.throat; narrow pass, gorge
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iūnctusjoin; yoke, harness
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
decem, indecl. adj.ten
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
mānō, -āre, -āvīflow, trickle; spread
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
bellum, -ī, n.war
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
nōn, adv.not
tam, adv.so
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
longinquitās, -ātis f.length, distance; long duration
via, -ae, f.road, way
inexsuperābilis, -eimpassable, insurmountable
quia (conj.)because
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
anceps, ancipitistwo-sided, on two fronts; doubtful
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
septemseven
homō, hominis, m.man
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
gravō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweigh down, make heavy
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
quoque, adv.also
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.