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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.20

The envoys among the Gauls

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Liv. 21.20.1In iīs nova terribilisque speciēs vīsa est, quod armātī — ita mōs gentis erat — in concilium vēnērunt.There they saw a new and frightening sight, because the men came to the council armed — such was the custom of the nation. Liv. 21.20.2Cum verbīs extollentēs glōriam virtūtemque populī Rōmānī ac magnitūdinem imperiī petīssent, nē Poenō bellum Ītaliae īnferentī per agrōs urbēsque suās trānsitum darent, tantus cum fremitū rīsus dīcitur ortus, ut vix ā magistrātibus maiōribusque nātū iuventūs sēdārētur;When, after extolling in words the glory and valour of the Roman people and the greatness of its empire, they had asked them not to grant the Carthaginian passage through their fields and cities as he brought war against Italy, such laughter mixed with uproar is said to have broken out that the young men could scarcely be quietened by the magistrates and elders; Liv. 21.20.4adeō stolida inpudēnsque postulātiō vīsa est cēnsēre, nē in Ītaliam trānsmittant Gallī bellum, ipsōs id āvertere in sē agrōsque suōs prō aliēnīs populandōs obicere.so stupid and shameless did the demand seem, to propose that, so that the Gauls should not let the war pass into Italy, they should turn it upon themselves and expose their own fields to be plundered instead of other men's.

Liv. 21.20.5Sēdātō tandem fremitū respōnsum lēgātīs est, neque Rōmānōrum in sē meritum esse neque Carthāginiēnsium iniūriam, ob quae aut prō Rōmānīs aut adversus Poenōs sūmant arma;When the uproar had at last died down, the envoys were answered that the Gauls had received neither kindness from the Romans nor injury from the Carthaginians on account of which they should take up arms either for the Romans or against the Carthaginians; Liv. 21.20.6contrā ea audīre sēsē, gentis suae hominēs agrō fīnibusque Ītaliae pellī ā populō Rōmānō stīpendiumque pendere et cētera indigna patī.on the contrary, they heard that men of their own race were being driven from the land and territory of Italy by the Roman people, were paying tribute and suffering other indignities. Liv. 21.20.7Eadem ferme in cēterīs Galliae conciliīs dicta audītaque;Much the same was said and heard in the other councils of Gaul; Liv. 21.20.7nec hospitāle quicquam pācātumve satis prius audītum, quam Massiliam vēnēre.nor did they hear anything hospitable or peaceful enough until they reached Massilia. Liv. 21.20.8Ibi omnia ab sociīs inquīsīta cum cūrā ac fidē cognitā: praeoccupātōs iam ante ab Hannibale Gallōrum animōs esse;There they learned everything, investigated by their allies with care and good faith: the minds of the Gauls had already been won over in advance by Hannibal; Liv. 21.20.8sed nē illī quidem ipsī satis mītem gentem fore — adeō ferōcia atque indomita ingenia esse — , nī subinde aurō, cuius avidissima gēns est, prīncipum animī concilientur.but even to him the nation would not be gentle enough — so fierce and untamed were their natures — unless the minds of the chiefs were won over again and again with gold, of which the nation is most greedy.

Liv. 21.20.9Ita peragrātīs Hispāniae Galliaeque populīs lēgātī Rōmam redeunt haud ita multō post, quam cōnsulēs in prōvinciās profectī erant.So, having travelled among the peoples of Spain and Gaul, the envoys return to Rome not very long after the consuls had set out for their provinces. Liv. 21.20.9Cīvitātem omnem expectātiōne bellī ērēctam invēnērunt, satis cōnstante fāmā iam Hibērum Poenōs trānsīsse.They found the whole state roused by the expectation of war, since the report was now fairly constant that the Carthaginians had crossed the Ebro.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×7, ablative absolute ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (132 words)
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
terribilis, -edreadful, terrible
que, enclitic conj.and
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quod, conj.that, in that, because
armātus, -a, -umarmed
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
verbum, -ī, n.word
extollō, -erelift up, raise; praise, exalt
glōria, -ae, f.glory
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
bellum, -ī, n.war
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
ager, agri, m.field, land
urbs, urbis, f.city
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
cum, prep, with abl.with
fremitus, -ūs, m.roaring, roar
rīsus, -ūs m.laughter
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
sēdō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussettle, calm, put down
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
stolidus, -a, -umstupid, foolish
impudēns, -entisshameless
postulātiō, -ōnis f.request, demand
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
trānsmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend across; cross over
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
āvertō, -ere, āvertī, āversumturn away, turn aside
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
meritum, -ī n.service, desert
iniūria, -ae, f.injury, wrong, hurt, harm
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
homō, hominis, m.man
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
stīpendium, -ī, n.tax, tribute
pendō, pendere, pependī, pēnsusweigh out, pay
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
indignus, -a, -umunworthy; shameful
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
hospitālis, -eof a guest, for guests; hospitable
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumsubdue, pacify
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
prius, adv.before, first
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ibi, adv.in that place, there
omnis, -eall, every
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
inquīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītumsearch into, inquire
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
praeoccupō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusseize beforehand, take hold of first
iam, adv.now, already
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sed, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
indomitus, -a, -umuntamed, ungovernable
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
subinde (adv.)immediately after; repeatedly, from time to time
aurum, -ī, n.gold
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
conciliō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwin over; win, obtain
peragrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustravel through, roam over
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
exspectātiō (expectātiō), -ōnis f.expectation, anticipation, suspense
ērēctus, -a, -umupright, erect
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.