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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXI

Ab Urbe Condita 21.10

Hanno's speech for peace

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Liv. 21.10.1Itaque, praeterquam quod admissī audītīque sunt, ea quoque vāna atque irrita lēgātiō fuit.And so that embassy too was empty and fruitless, except that they were admitted and heard. Liv. 21.10.2Hannō ūnus adversus senātum causam foederis magnō silentiō propter auctōritātem suam, nōn cum adsēnsū audientium ēgit, per deōs foederum arbitrōs ac testīs senātum obtestāns, nē Rōmānum cum Saguntīnō suscitārent bellum;Hanno alone, against the senate, pleaded the cause of the treaty, amid deep silence owing to his authority, not with the assent of his hearers, calling on the senate by the gods, the arbiters and witnesses of treaties, not to stir up a war with Rome along with the war with Saguntum; Liv. 21.10.3monuisse, praedīxisse sē, nē Hamilcaris prōgeniem ad exercitum mitterent;he had warned them, he had foretold, not to send Hamilcar's offspring to the army; Liv. 21.10.3nōn mānēs, nōn stirpem eius conquiēscere virī, nec umquam, dōnec sanguinis nōminisque Barcīnī quisquam supersit, quiētūra Rōmāna foedera.neither the shade nor the stock of that man were at rest, nor would treaties with Rome ever remain undisturbed as long as anyone of Barcine blood and name survived.

Liv. 21.10.4"Iuvenem flagrantem cupīdine regnī viamque ūnam ad id cernentem, sī ex bellīs bella serendō succīnctus armīs legiōnibusque vīvat, velut māteriam ignī praebentēs ad exercitūs mīsistis.'A young man burning with desire for kingship and seeing only one road to it, if by sowing war after war he could live girt with arms and legions, you sent to the armies, as if supplying fuel to a fire. Liv. 21.10.4Aluistis ergō hoc incendium, quō nunc ārdētis.So you have fed this fire in which you are now burning. Liv. 21.10.5Saguntum vestrī circumsedent exercitūs, unde arcentur foedere;Your armies are besieging Saguntum, from which the treaty bars them; Liv. 21.10.5mox Carthāginem circumsedēbunt Rōmānae legiōnēs ducibus īsdem diīs, per quōs priōre bellō rupta foedera sunt ultī.soon Roman legions will besiege Carthage, led by the same gods through whom in the former war they avenged the breaking of the treaty. Liv. 21.10.6Utrum hostem an vōs an fortūnam utrīusque populī ignōrātis?Is it the enemy, or yourselves, or the fortune of each people that you do not know? Liv. 21.10.6Lēgātōs ab sociīs et prō sociīs venientēs bonus imperātor vester in castra nōn admīsit, iūs gentium sustulit;Envoys coming from allies and on behalf of allies your fine general did not admit into his camp; he abolished the law of nations; Liv. 21.10.6hī tamen, unde nē hostium quidem lēgātī arcentur, pulsī ad vōs vēnērunt;yet these men, driven away from where not even the envoys of enemies are kept off, have come to you; Liv. 21.10.6rēs ex foedere repetunt;they seek redress under the treaty; Liv. 21.10.6pūblica fraus absit, auctōrem culpae et reum crīminis dēposcunt.so that the state may be free of guilt, they demand the author of the wrong and the man accused of the crime.

Liv. 21.10.7Quō lēnius agunt, segnius incipiunt, eō, cum coeperint, vereor nē persevērantius saeviant.The more gently they proceed and the more slowly they begin, the more relentlessly, I fear, they will rage once they have begun. Liv. 21.10.7Aegātēs īnsulās Erycemque ante oculōs prōpōnite, quae terrā marīque per quattuor et vīgintī annōs passī sītis.Set before your eyes the Aegates Islands and Eryx, and all that you suffered on land and sea for twenty-four years. Liv. 21.10.8Nec puer hic dux erat, sed pater ipse Hamilcar, Mārs alter, ut istī volunt.Nor was this boy our leader then, but his father Hamilcar himself, a second Mars, as these men would have it. Liv. 21.10.8Sed Tarentō, id est Ītalia, nōn abstinuerāmus ex foedere, sīcut nunc Saguntō nōn abstinēmus.But we had not kept away from Tarentum, that is, from Italy, as the treaty required, just as now we are not keeping away from Saguntum. Liv. 21.10.9Vīcērunt ergō Diī hominēs, et id dē quō verbīs ambigēbātur, uter populus foedus rūpisset, ēventus bellī velut aequus iūdex, unde iūs stābat, eī victōriam dedit.So the gods prevailed over men, and on the question disputed in words, which people had broken the treaty, the outcome of the war, like a fair judge, gave victory to the side on which right stood.

Liv. 21.10.10Carthāginī nunc Hannibal vīneās turrēsque admovet, Carthāginis moenia quatit ariete: Saguntī ruīnae — falsus utinam vātēs sim — nostrīs capitibus incident, susceptumque cum Saguntīnīs bellum habendum cum Rōmānīs est.It is against Carthage that Hannibal is now moving up his sheds and towers, Carthage's walls that he is shaking with the ram: the ruins of Saguntum — would that I were a false prophet — will fall on our heads, and the war begun with the Saguntines must be fought with the Romans. Liv. 21.10.11Dēdēmus ergō Hannibalem?"Shall we then surrender Hannibal?" Liv. 21.10.11Dīcet aliquis.someone will say. Liv. 21.10.11Sciō meam levem esse in eō auctōritātem propter paternās inimīcitiās;I know that my authority in this matter is slight because of my enmity with his father; Liv. 21.10.11sed et Hamilcarem eō perīsse laetātus sum, quod, sī ille vīveret, bellum iam habērēmus cum Rōmānīs, et hunc iuvenem tamquam furiam facemque huius bellī ōdī ac dētestor;but I both rejoiced that Hamilcar perished, because, if he were alive, we would already have a war with the Romans, and this young man I hate and loathe as the fury and firebrand of this war; Liv. 21.10.12nec dēdendum sōlum ad piāculum ruptī foederis, sed, sī nēmō dēposceret, dēvehendum in ultimās maris terrārumque ōrās, ablēgandum eō, unde nec ad nōs nōmen fāmaque eius accidere neque ille sollicitāre quiētae cīvitātis statum posset.and I think he should not only be surrendered in atonement for the broken treaty, but, even if no one demanded him, he should be carried off to the farthest shores of sea and land and banished to a place from which neither his name and fame could reach us nor he unsettle the condition of a peaceful state.

Liv. 21.10.13Ego ita cēnseō, lēgātōs extemplō Rōmam mittendōs, quī senātuī satisfaciant, aliōs, quī Hannibalī nūntient, ut exercitum ab Saguntō abdūcat, ipsumque Hannibalem ex foedere Rōmānīs dēdant;This is my proposal: that envoys be sent at once to Rome to give satisfaction to the senate, and others to tell Hannibal to withdraw his army from Saguntum, and that they surrender Hannibal himself to the Romans in accordance with the treaty; Liv. 21.10.13tertiam lēgātiōnem ad rēs Saguntīnīs reddendās dēcernō."I propose a third embassy to restore their property to the Saguntines.'

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×7, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (225 words)
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
praeterquam (adv.)except, besides
quod, conj.that, in that, because
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
que, enclitic conj.and
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quoque, adv.also
vānus, -a, -umempty, idle, vain; in vanum: in vain
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
senātus, -ūs m.senate
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
nōn, adv.not
cum, prep, with abl.with
assēnsus (adsēnsus), -ūs m.agreement, approval, assent
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
deus, -ī, m.god
arbiter, -trī m.judge, umpire
testis, -is m./f.witness
obtestor, -testārī, -testātuscall to witness; beseech, implore
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
Saguntīnus, -a, -umof Saguntum, Saguntine; (m. pl. as noun) the Saguntines
suscitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusraise up, rouse; raise (the dead)
bellum, -ī, n.war
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
praedīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictussay beforehand, foretell, predict
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prōgeniēs, -ēī f.offspring, descendants
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
mānēs, -ium, m. plur.spirit, shade
stirps, stirpis f.stock, root; family, race
conquiēscō, -ere, -quiēvī, -quiētusrest, take rest
vir, virī, m.man
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
umquam, adv.ever
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
Barcīnus, -a, -umof the Barca family (Hamilcar's clan); (m. pl.) the Barcine faction
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
flagrō, -āre, -āvīblaze, burn; be inflamed (with: abl.)
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
regnum, -ī, n.royal power, rule, throne; kingdom, realm
via, -ae, f.road, way
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
sī, conj.if
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
serō, serere, sēvī, satussow, plant
succingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctusgird up, tuck up (a garment)
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
veluteven or just as, as
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
ignis, -is, m.fire
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nunc, adv.now
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
vester, -tra, -trumyour
circumsedeō, -sedēre, -sēdī, -sessussit around, surround; besiege
unde, adv.whence
arceō, -ēre, -uīkeep off, keep away, shut out
mox, adv.soon
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
an, conj.or (in questions)
vōsplur. of tū
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
bonus, -a, -umgood
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
fraus, fraudis, f.deception, fraud
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
dēposcō, -ere, -poposcīdemand, call for
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
lēniter (adv.)gently
segniter (adv.)sluggishly, lazily, half-heartedly
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
persevēranter (adv.)persistently, steadily, without letting up
saeviō, -īre, -iī, -ītumrage
īnsula, -ae, f.island
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
oculus, -ī, m.eye
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
mare, maris, n.sea
quattuor, indecl. adj.four
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
annus, -ī, m.year
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
puer, puerī, m.boy
sed, conj.but
pater, patris, m.father
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
volō, velle, voluīwish
abstineō, -ēre, abstinuī, abstentumkeep away, hold back (from)
sīcut (conj.)just as
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
homō, hominis, m.man
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
verbum, -ī, n.word
ambigō, -erebe in doubt, dispute, argue
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
stō, stāre, stetī, statusstand
victōria, -ae, f.victory
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
vīnea, -ae f.shed (a movable shelter for besiegers)
turris, -is f.tower; siege tower
admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove up, bring near
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
quatiō, -ere, —, quassusshake, beat
ariēs, -etis, m.ram
ruīna, -ae f.fall, collapse, ruin
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
vātēs, -is m. and f.prophet, seer, soothsayer
noster, -tra, -trumour
caput, capitis, n.head
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
levis, -elight, slight
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
inimīcitia, -ae f.enmity (usu. pl.)
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
laetor, -ārī, -ātus sumrejoice, be glad
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
iam, adv.now, already
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
furia, -ae f. (mostly pl.)rage, madness; the Furies, avenging spirits
fax, facis, f.torch, firebrand
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
dētestor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall down curses on, curse
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
piāculum, -ī n.an atoning sacrifice, expiation
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
dēvehō, -ere, dēvēxī, dēvectumcarry down, carry off
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
ablēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, get out of the way
nōsplur. of ego
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
status, -ūs m.condition, state
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
satisfaciō, -ere, -fēcī, -factum (+ dat.)satisfy; make amends, apologize
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
tertius, -a, -umthird
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXI. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.