| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| cōmitās, -ātis f. | courtesy, friendliness |
| beneficium, -ī, n. | well-doing, kindness, service, benefit |
| certō, adv. | with certainty, for certain, certainly |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| lēnis, -e | gentle |
| saevitia, -ae f. | fierceness, cruelty |
| īnfēlīx, -fēlīcis, adj. | unhappy, unfortunate |
| collēga, -ae m. | colleague, fellow official |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| magis, comp. adv. | more, rather |
| gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsus | be glad, rejoice |
| ingenium, -ī n. | natural ability, talent, cleverness; character |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or work out, accomplish, effect |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| concordia, -ae f. | agreement, harmony |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare |
| offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātus | bear to, proffer, offer |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| vagor, -ārī, -ātus sum | wander, roam |
| populābundus, -a, -um | plundering, on a raid |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| patior, patī, passus, bear | suffer, allow |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ūllus, -a, -um | any |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| lātē | widely |
| inde (adv.) | from there; then |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| praeda, -ae, f. | booty, spoil, plunder |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| addō, -ere, -didī, -ditus | add, put to |
| laus, laudis f. | praise, glory |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| haud, adv. | not at all, by no means, not |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| praemium, -ī, n. | reward |
| animus, -ī, m. | mind; heart; spirit, courage |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| propter, prep. with acc. | on account of, because of |
| pater, patris, m. | father |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| plācātus, -a, -um | calm, peaceful; reconciled, well disposed |
| redeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go back, return |
| parēns, -entis m./f. | parent |
| alter, -era, -erum | one or the other (of two); another, second |
| dominus, -ī m. | master, owner |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| senātus, -ūs m. | senate |
| memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | remind of, mention |
| varius, -a, -um | various |
| fortūna, -ae, f. | fortune |
| atrōx, -ōcis | savage, cruel, dreadful |
| discordia, -ae f. | disagreement, discord, strife |
| domus, -ūs, f. | house, home |
| forīs, adv. | out of doors, without |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| īnsignis, -e | notable, remarkable |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| comitia, -ōrum n. pl. | the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections |
| tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtum | assign, attribute |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | undertake |
| certāmen, -minis, n. | struggle, contest |
| ūsus, -ūs, m. | use; experience |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| enim, conj. | for |
| dignitās, -ātis f. | rank, standing, prestige |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| dētrahō, -trahere, -trāxī, -trāctus | draw or pull off |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum | drive back |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| dēmō, -ere, dēmpsī, dēmptus | take away, remove |