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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.58

Appius and his sullen army

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Liv. 2.58.1Tum prīmum tribūtīs comitiīs creātī tribūnī sunt.Then for the first time tribunes were elected in the assembly of the tribes. Liv. 2.58.1Numerō etiam additōs trēs, perinde ac duo anteā fuerint, Pīsō auctor est.Piso is my authority that three were even added to their number, as though there had been two before. Liv. 2.58.2Nōminat quoque tribūnōs, Cn. Siccium, L. Numitōrium, M. Duillium, Sp. Icilium, L. Mecilium.He also names the tribunes: Gnaeus Siccius, Lucius Numitorius, Marcus Duillius, Spurius Icilius, Lucius Mecilius. Liv. 2.58.3Volscum Aequicumque inter sēditiōnem Rōmānam est bellum coortum.During the strife at Rome a war with the Volsci and Aequi arose. Liv. 2.58.3Vāstāverant agrōs, ut, sī qua sēcessiō plēbis fieret, ad sē receptum habēret;They had laid waste the fields so that, if there should be any secession of the plebs, it might have a refuge with them; Liv. 2.58.3conpositīs deinde rēbus castra retrō mōvēre.then, when matters had been settled, they moved their camp back. Liv. 2.58.4Ap. Claudius in Volscōs missus, Quīnctiō Aequī prōvincia ēvēnit.Appius Claudius was sent against the Volsci; to Quinctius fell the Aequi as his province.

Liv. 2.58.4Eadem in mīlitiā saevitia Appī, quae domī, esse, līberior, quod sine tribūniciīs vinculīs erat.Appius showed the same savagery on campaign as at home, only freer, because he was without the tribunes' shackles. Liv. 2.58.5Ōdisse plēbem plūs quam paternō odiō: sē victum ab eā, sē ūnicō cōnsule ēlēctō adversus tribūniciam potestātem perlātam lēgem esse, quam minōre cōnātū, nēquāquam tantā patrum spē, priōrēs inpedierint cōnsulēs.He hated the plebs with more than his father's hatred: he had been beaten by them; though he had been chosen as the one consul to stand against the tribunician power, the law had been carried, which earlier consuls had obstructed with less effort and far less hope on the part of the senators. Liv. 2.58.6Haec īra indignātiōque ferōcem animum ad vexandum saevō imperiō exercitum stimulābat.This anger and indignation goaded his fierce spirit to harass the army with savage command. Liv. 2.58.6Nec ūllā vī domārī poterat;Nor could it be tamed by any force; Liv. 2.58.6tantum certāmen animīs inbiberant.so great a spirit of contention had they imbibed. Liv. 2.58.7Segniter, ōtiōsē, neglegenter, contumāciter omnia agere;They did everything slowly, idly, carelessly, defiantly; Liv. 2.58.7nec pudor nec metus coercēbat;neither shame nor fear restrained them; Liv. 2.58.7sī citius agī vellet agmen, tardius sēdulō incēdere;if he wanted the column to move more quickly, they deliberately went more slowly; Liv. 2.58.7sī adhortātor operis adesset, omnēs suā sponte mōtam remittere industriam;if he came to urge on the work, they all slackened the industry they had shown of their own accord; Liv. 2.58.8praesentī vultūs dēmittere, tacitē praetereuntem execrārī, ut invictus ille odiō plēbēiō animus interdum movērētur.in his presence they cast down their eyes, and as he passed they silently cursed him, so that that spirit, unconquered by plebeian hatred, was sometimes shaken.

Liv. 2.58.9Omnī nēquīquam acerbitāte promptā nihil iam cum mīlitibus agere, ā centuriōnibus corruptum exercitum dīcere, tribūnōs plēbeī cavillāns interdum et Volerōnēs vocāre.When every harshness had been tried in vain, he no longer had any dealings with the soldiers, said that the army had been corrupted by the centurions, and sometimes mockingly called them tribunes of the plebs and Voleros.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (143 words)
tum, adv.then, at that time
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
comitia, -ōrum n. pl.the assembly of the Roman people for voting; elections
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
numerō (adv.)in number (saepe numerō: very often)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
perinde (adv.)in the same way, equally; haud perinde: not so much
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
anteā, adv.before
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
quoque, adv.also
Volscus, -a, -umVolscian; (pl.) the Volsci, a people of southern Latium
Aequicus, -a, -umof the Aequi, Aequian
que, enclitic conj.and
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
bellum, -ī, n.war
coorior, -orīrī, -ortusarise
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
ager, agri, m.field, land
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
sēcessiō, -ōnis f.withdrawal, secession (of the plebs from Rome)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
receptus, -ūs m.retreat; place of retreat
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
deinde, adv.then, next
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
retrō (adv.)backwards, behind, from behind
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
mīlitia, -ae f.military service
saevitia, -ae f.fierceness, cruelty
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
līber, lībera, līberumfree
quod, conj.that, in that, because
sine, prep. with abl.without
tribūnicius, -a, -umof a tribune; tribūnicia potestās: the tribunes' power
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
odium, -ī, n.hatred
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ūnicus, -a, -umone and only; unique, unequalled
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
lēx, lēgis f.law
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
cōnātus, -ūs, m.attempt, effort
nēquāquam (adv.)by no means, not at all
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
pater, patris, m.father
spēs, speī, f.hope
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
indignātiō, -ōnis f.indignation, resentment
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
vexō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumharass, ravage
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
stimulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgoad, spur on, incite
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūllus, -a, -umany
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
domō, -āre, -uī, -itustame, subdue, master
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
imbibō (inbibō), -ere, -bibīdrink in; take into the mind, conceive, resolve on
segniter (adv.)sluggishly, lazily, half-heartedly
ōtiōsē (adv.)at leisure; idly, lazily, without effort
neglegenter (adv.)carelessly
contumāciter (adv.)stubbornly, defiantly, insolently
omnis, -eall, every
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
volō, velle, voluīwish
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
tardē (adv.)slowly; comp. tardius
sēdulō (adv.)busily, diligently
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
adhortātor, -ōris m.one who encourages, exhorter
opus, operis, n.work, task
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
industria, -ae f.diligence, hard work
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
tacitē (adv.)silently, quietly
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
exsecror, -ārī, -ātus sumcurse, detest
invictus, -a, -umunconquered, unbeaten
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
plēbēius, -a, -umof the common people, plebeian; common, vulgar
interdum (adv.)sometimes
nēquīquam (adv.)in vain, without reason
acerbitās, -ātis f.harshness; hardship, suffering
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
iam, adv.now, already
cum, prep, with abl.with
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
cavillor, -ārī, -ātus sumjeer, mock, scoff; quibble, argue captiously
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.