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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.24

Servilius' edict and the levy

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Liv. 2.24.1Inter haec maior alius terror: Latīnī equitēs cum tumultuōsō advolant nūntiō Volscōs īnfestō exercitū ad urbem oppugnandam venīre.Meanwhile came another, greater alarm: Latin horsemen gallop in with the startling news that the Volsci were coming with a hostile army to attack the city. Liv. 2.24.1Quae audīta — adeō duās ex ūnā cīvitāte discordiā fēcerat — longē aliter patrēs ac plēbem adfēcēre.This news — so far had discord made two states out of one — affected the senators and the plebs very differently. Liv. 2.24.2Exsultāre gaudiō plēbēs, ultōrēs superbiae patrum adesse dīcere deōs;The plebs exulted with joy and said the gods were at hand to avenge the senators' arrogance; Liv. 2.24.2alius alium cōnfirmāre, nē nōmina darent: cum omnibus potius quam sōlōs peritūrōs;they urged one another not to give in their names: better to perish together with everyone than alone; Liv. 2.24.2patrēs mīlitārent, patrēs arma caperent, ut penes eōsdem perīcula bellī, penes quōs praemia essent.let the senators serve, let the senators take up arms, so that the dangers of war might lie with those who had its rewards. Liv. 2.24.3At vērō cūria maesta ac trepida ancipitī metū et ab cīve et ab hoste Servīlium cōnsulem, cui ingenium magis populāre erat, ōrāre, ut tantīs circumventam terrōribus expedīret rem pūblicam.But the senate, gloomy and alarmed by a double fear, of citizen and of enemy, begged the consul Servilius, whose temperament was more popular, to rescue the state, beset as it was by such terrors.

Liv. 2.24.4Tum cōnsul missō senātū in contiōnem prōdit.Then the consul, having dismissed the senate, comes forward to address the assembly. Liv. 2.24.4Ibi cūrae esse patribus ostendit, ut cōnsulātur plēbī;There he shows that the senators were concerned that the plebs should be looked after; Liv. 2.24.4cēterum dēlīberātiōnī dē maximā quidem illā, sed tamen parte cīvitātis metum prō ūniversā rē pūblicā intervēnisse.but that their deliberation about a part of the state, the greatest part indeed, but still a part, had been interrupted by fear for the commonwealth as a whole. Liv. 2.24.4Nec posse, cum hostēs prope ad portās essent, bellō praevertī quicquam, nec, sī sit laxāmentī aliquid, aut plēbī honestum esse, nisi mercēde prius acceptā arma prō patriā nōn cēpisse, aut patribus satis decōrum per metum potius quam postmodo voluntāte adflīctīs cīvium suōrum fortūnīs cōnsuluisse.Nor could anything take precedence over the war when the enemy were almost at the gates; nor, even if there were some respite, would it be honourable for the plebs to have refused to take up arms for their country unless they had first received payment, nor fitting enough for the senators to have relieved the distressed fortunes of their fellow citizens out of fear rather than afterwards of their own free will.

Liv. 2.24.6Contiōnī deinde ēdictō addidit fidem, quō ēdīxit, nē quis cīvem Rōmānum vinctum aut clausum tenēret, quō minus eī nōminis ēdendī apud cōnsulēs potestās fieret, neu quis mīlitis, dōnec in castrīs esset, bona possidēret aut vēnderet, līberōs nepōtēsve eius morārētur.He then confirmed his speech with an edict, in which he decreed that no one should keep a Roman citizen in chains or under lock so as to prevent him from giving his name to the consuls, and that no one should seize or sell the goods of a soldier while he was in camp, or detain his children or grandchildren. Liv. 2.24.7Hōc prōpositō ēdictō et quī aderant nexī, profitērī extemplō nōmina, et undique ex tōtā urbe prōripientium sē ex prīvātō, cum retinendī iūs crēditōrī nōn esset, concursus in forum, ut sacrāmentō dīcerent, fierī.When this edict had been posted, the bondsmen who were present at once gave in their names, and from all over the city men broke out of private custody, since the creditor had no right to hold them, and rushed into the forum to take the military oath. Liv. 2.24.8Magna ea manus fuit, neque aliōrum magis in Volscō bellō virtūs atque opera ēnituit.That was a large band, and no others showed more conspicuous courage and effort in the Volscian war.

Liv. 2.24.8Cōnsul cōpiās contrā hostem ēdūcit;The consul leads his forces out against the enemy; Liv. 2.24.8parvō dirimente intervallō castra pōnit.he pitches camp with only a small distance between them.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×6, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (180 words)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
terror, -ōris, m.terror, fright
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
cum, prep, with abl.with
tumultuōsus, -a, -umnoisy, confused, turbulent
advolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfly at, rush at
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
urbs, urbis, f.city
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
discordia, -ae f.disagreement, discord, strife
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
longē, adv.far
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
pater, patris, m.father
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
afficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaffect, afflict
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
ultor, -ōris m.avenger
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
deus, -ī, m.god
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
omnis, -eall, every
potius (adv.)rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sōlus, -a, -umalone
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
mīlitō, -āre, -āvīserve as a soldier
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
penes (prep. + acc.)in the hands of, in the power of
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
bellum, -ī, n.war
praemium, -ī, n.reward
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
at, conj.but
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
cūria, -ae f.senate house
maestus, -a, -umsad, dejected, gloomy
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
anceps, ancipitistwo-sided, on two fronts; doubtful
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
populāris, -eof the people; popular; courting the people (a 'popular' politician)
ōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusspeak; beg, pray
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
tum, adv.then, at that time
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
senātus, -ūs m.senate
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
cōntiō, -ōnis f.assembly, meeting; speech to an assembly
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
ibi, adv.in that place, there
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
dēlīberātiō, -ōnis f.weighing up, deliberation
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
ūniversus, -a, -umall together, whole, entire, all
interveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumcome in between, arrive in the middle of things
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
porta, -ae, f.gate; door
praevertō, -ere, -vertīattend to first, give priority to
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
sī, conj.if
laxāmentum, -ī n.relaxation, respite, a breathing space
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
nisi, conj.if not, unless
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
prius, adv.before, first
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
nōn, adv.not
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
postmodo (adv.)afterwards, later, presently
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
adflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxi, -flīctusdash to, shatter
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
deinde, adv.then, next
ēdictum, -ī n.proclamation, edict (of a magistrate)
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
ēdīcō, -dīcere, -dīxī, -dictusdeclare, proclaim, appoint
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
vinciō, vincīre, vinxī, vinctusbind
claudō, -ere, clausī, clausumclose, shut; (agmen) bring up the rear
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
minus, comp. adv.less
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dōnec (conj.)until; while, as long as
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
possideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessushold, possess
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
prōpōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput or set before, offer, propose; set forth, say
nectō, -ere, nexuī, nexustie, bind; contrive (a plot)
profiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumdeclare openly; offer oneself as
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
undique, adv.from or on all sides
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
prōripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptusdrag forth; sē prōripere: rush out, dash off
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
crēditor, -ōris m.creditor, lender
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
sacrāmentum, -ī n.military oath (of allegiance)
manus, -ūs, f.hand
Volscus, -a, -umVolscian; (pl.) the Volsci, a people of southern Latium
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
ēnitēscō, -ere, -nituīshine out, stand out
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
dirimō, -ere, dirēmī, dirēmptumbreak off, interrupt
intervallum, -ī, n.interval, space, distance
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.