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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.19

The battle at Lake Regillus begins

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Liv. 2.19.1Cōnsulēs Ser. Sulpicius M'. Tullius;The consuls were Servius Sulpicius and Manius Tullius; Liv. 2.19.1nihil dignum memoriā āctum;nothing worth remembering was done; Liv. 2.19.2T. Aebūtius deinde et C. Vetusius.then came Titus Aebutius and Gaius Vetusius. Liv. 2.19.2Hīs cōnsulibus Fīdēnae obsessae, Crustumeria capta;In their consulship Fidenae was besieged and Crustumeria taken; Liv. 2.19.2Praeneste ab Latīnīs ad Rōmānōs dēscīvit.Praeneste went over from the Latins to the Romans. Liv. 2.19.2Nec ultrā bellum Latīnum glīscēns iam per aliquot annōs dīlātum.Nor was the Latin war, which had now been smouldering for several years, put off any longer. Liv. 2.19.3A. Postumius dictātor T. Aebūtius magister equitum magnīs cōpiīs peditum equitumque profectī ad lacum Rēgillum in agrō Tusculānō agminī hostium occurrērunt et, quia Tarquiniōs esse in exercitū Latīnōrum audītum est, sustinērī īra nōn potuit, quīn extemplō cōnflīgerent.Aulus Postumius as dictator and Titus Aebutius as master of the horse set out with great forces of infantry and cavalry and met the enemy's column at Lake Regillus in the territory of Tusculum; and because it was heard that the Tarquinii were in the army of the Latins, their anger could not be held back from joining battle at once.

Liv. 2.19.5Ergō etiam proelium aliquantō quam cētera gravius atque atrōcius fuit.Accordingly the battle too was a good deal fiercer and more savage than the others. Liv. 2.19.5Nōn enim ducēs ad regendam modo cōnsiliō rem adfuēre, sed suīsmet ipsī corporibus dīmicantēs miscuēre certāmina, nec quisquam procerum ferme hāc aut illā ex aciē sine vulnere praeter dictātōrem Rōmānum excessit.For the generals were not present merely to direct the action by their counsel, but, fighting in person with their own bodies, they joined in the struggle, and hardly any of the chief men on either side left the field unwounded except the Roman dictator. Liv. 2.19.6In Postumium prīmā in aciē suōs adhortantem īnstruentemque Tarquinius Superbus, quamquam iam aetāte et vīribus erat gravior, equum īnfestus admīsit ictusque ab latere concursū suōrum receptus in tūtum est.Against Postumius, as he was encouraging and marshalling his men in the front line, Tarquinius Superbus, although he was now burdened by age and failing strength, spurred his horse in fury; struck in the side, he was carried to safety by a rush of his own men. Liv. 2.19.7Et ad alterum cornū Aebūtius magister equitum in Octāvium Mamilium impetum dederat nec fefellit veniēns Tusculānum ducem;On the other wing too Aebutius, the master of the horse, had charged at Octavius Mamilius, and his approach did not escape the Tusculan leader; Liv. 2.19.7contrā quem et ille concitat equum.he too spurs his horse against him.

Liv. 2.19.7Tantaque vīs īnfestīs venientium hastīs fuit, ut bracchium Aebūtiō trāiectum sit, Mamiliō pectus percussum.And so great was the force of their levelled spears as they came on that Aebutius' arm was pierced through and Mamilius was struck in the chest. Liv. 2.19.8Hunc quidem in secundam aciem Latīnī recēpēre;Mamilius, at least, the Latins took back into the second line; Liv. 2.19.9aebūtius cum sauciō bracchiō tenēre tēlum nōn posset, pugnā excessit.Aebutius, since he could not hold a weapon with his wounded arm, withdrew from the fight. Liv. 2.19.10Latīnus dux nihil dēterritus vulnere proelium ciet et, quia suōs perculsōs vidēbat, arcessit cohortem exulum Rōmānōrum, cui L. Tarquinī fīlius praeerat.The Latin leader, not at all deterred by his wound, keeps the battle going, and because he saw that his men were shaken, summons the cohort of Roman exiles which the son of Lucius Tarquinius commanded. Liv. 2.19.10Ea, quō maiōre pugnābat īrā ob ērepta bona patriamque adēmptam, pugnam parumper restituit.This cohort, fighting with all the greater anger because their property had been snatched from them and their country taken away, restored the battle for a little while.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (141 words)
cōnsul, -ulis m.consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
memoria, -ae, f.memory
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
deinde, adv.then, next
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
dēscīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumbreak away, revolt, desert (from: ab)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ultrā (prep. + acc.)beyond
bellum, -ī, n.war
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
glīscō, -ereswell, grow, blaze up
iam, adv.now, already
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aliquot (indecl.)several, some
annus, -ī, m.year
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
magister, -trī, m.master
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
que, enclitic conj.and
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
quia (conj.)because
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
extemplō, adv.immediately, straightway, at once
cōnflīgō, -flīgere, -flīxī, -flīctusdash together
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
atrōx, -ōcissavage, cruel, dreadful
enim, conj.for
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
modo, adv.only
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
sed, conj.but
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
corpus, corporis, n.body
dīmicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
procerēs, -um m. pl.chiefs, leading men
ferme (adv.)about, nearly, almost
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
sine, prep. with abl.without
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
excēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo out or forth, depart
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
adhortor, -ārī, -ātus sumencourage, urge on
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
quamquam, conj.however much, although
aetās, -tātis, f.age
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
equus, -ī, m.horse
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend to, admit; allow
īcō, -ere, īcī, ictusstrike, hit; foedus īcere: make a treaty
latus, lateris n.side, flank
concursus, -ūs m.a running together, charge
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
cornū, -ūs, n.horn
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
hasta, -ae f.spear
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
bracchium, -ī, n.arm
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
pectus, pectoris, n.breast
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
cum, prep, with abl.with
saucius, -a, -umwounded
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citusset in motion, stir up; pugnam ciēre: start the fight
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
exsul, -ulis m.exile, banished person
fīlius, -ī, m.son
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
parumper (adv.)for a short while
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.