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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita II

Ab Urbe Condita 2.14

The goods of Porsenna; Aricia

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Liv. 2.14.1Huic tam pācātae profectiōnī ab urbe rēgis Etrūscī abhorrēns mōs trāditus ab antīquīs ūsque ad nostram aetātem inter cētera sollemnia manet bona Porsinnae rēgis vēndendī.At odds with this so peaceful departure of the Etruscan king from the city is a custom, handed down from the ancients to our own day and still surviving among other formal observances, of selling the goods of King Porsenna. Liv. 2.14.2Cuius orīginem mōris necesse est aut inter bellum nātam esse neque omissam in pāce aut ā mītiōre crēvisse prīncipiō, quam hic prae sē ferat titulus bona hostīliter vēndendī.The origin of this custom must either have arisen during the war and not been dropped in peacetime, or have grown from a milder beginning than this title, of selling goods as from an enemy, suggests. Liv. 2.14.3Proximum vērō est ex iīs, quae trāduntur, Porsinnam discēdentem ab Iāniculō castra opulenta convectō ex propinquīs ac fertilibus Etrūriae arvīs commeātū Rōmānīs dōnō dedisse, inopī tum urbe ab longinquā obsidiōne;The most likely of the accounts handed down is that Porsenna, on leaving the Janiculum, made a gift to the Romans of his camp, rich with supplies brought in from the nearby and fertile fields of Etruria, the city then being in want after the long siege; Liv. 2.14.4ea deinde, nē populō inmissō dīriperentur hostīliter, vēnisse bonaque Porsinnae appellāta, grātiam mūneris magis significant titulō quam auctiōnem fortūnae rēgiae, quae nē in potestāte quidem populī Rōmānī esset.that these were then sold, so that they should not be plundered as from an enemy by the people being let loose on them, and were called the goods of Porsenna, the title indicating gratitude for the gift rather than an auction of the king's possessions, which were not even in the power of the Roman people.

Liv. 2.14.5Omissō Rōmānō bellō Porsinna, nē frūstrā in ea loca exercitus adductus vidērētur, cum parte cōpiārum fīlium Arruntem Arīciam oppugnātum mittit.Having given up the Roman war, Porsenna, so that his army should not seem to have been led into those parts for nothing, sends his son Arruns with part of his forces to attack Aricia. Liv. 2.14.6Prīmō Arīcīnōs rēs necopīnāta perculerat;At first the unexpected event had struck the Aricians with dismay; Liv. 2.14.6arcessīta deinde auxilia et ā Latīnīs populīs et ā Cūmīs tantum speī fēcēre, ut aciē dēcernere audērent.then help summoned both from the Latin peoples and from Cumae gave them so much hope that they dared to decide the matter in pitched battle. Liv. 2.14.6Proeliō initō adeō concitātō impetū sē intulerant Etrūscī, ut funderent ipsō incursū Arīcīnōs;When battle was joined, the Etruscans had charged with such a furious onset that they routed the Aricians by the very attack; Liv. 2.14.7Cūmānae cohortēs arte adversus vim ūsae dēclīnāvēre paululum effūsēque praelātōs hostēs conversīs signīs ab tergō adortae sunt: ita in mediō prope iam victōrēs caesī Etrūscī.the Cumaean cohorts, using skill against force, swerved aside a little and, when the enemy had rushed past in disorder, wheeled about and attacked them from behind: so the Etruscans, all but victorious, were cut down in the middle.

Liv. 2.14.8Pars perexigua duce āmissō, quia nūllum propius perfugium erat, Rōmam inermēs et fortūnā et speciē supplicum dēlātī sunt.A very small part of them, having lost their leader, because there was no nearer refuge, came to Rome without weapons, suppliants both in fortune and in appearance. Liv. 2.14.9Ibi benignē exceptī dīvīsīque in hospitia.There they were kindly received and distributed among people's homes as guests. Liv. 2.14.9Cūrātīs volneribus aliī profectī domōs nūntiī hospitālium beneficiōrum;When their wounds had been tended, some set off home to tell of the kindness of their hosts; Liv. 2.14.9multōs Rōmae hospitum urbisque cāritās tenuit.many were kept at Rome by affection for their hosts and for the city. Liv. 2.14.9Hīs locus ad habitandum datus, quem deinde Tuscum vīcum appellārunt.To these a place was given to live in, which was afterwards called the Etruscan Quarter.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×7, indirect statement ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (165 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tam, adv.so
pācātus, -a, -umpeaceful, quiet, settled
profectiō, -ōnis, f.departure, start
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
urbs, urbis, f.city
rēx, rēgis, m.king
Etrūscus, -a, -umEtruscan
abhorreō, -ēre, -uīshrink back from; be inconsistent with, be foreign to (ā + abl.)
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
antīquus, -a, -umancient
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
noster, -tra, -trumour
aetās, -tātis, f.age
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
sollemnis, -esolemn, ritual, customary
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
vēndō, -ere, vēndidī, vēnditumsell
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
orīgō, -inis f.origin, beginning, source; ancestry
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
bellum, -ī, n.war
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
pāx, pācis f.peace
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
prīncipium, -ī n.beginning; prīncipiō, in the first place
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prae (prep. + abl.)in comparison with; because of
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
titulus, -ī m.notice, inscription, label
hostīliter (adv.)like an enemy, hostilely
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
opulentus, -a, -umrich, wealthy, powerful
convehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectuscarry together, bring in, gather
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
fertilis, -efertile, fruitful
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
dōnum, -ī, n.gift
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
inops, -opispoor, needy
tum, adv.then, at that time
longinquus, -a, -umdistant, remote
obsidiō, -ōnis f.siege, blockade; oppression
deinde, adv.then, next
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
populus, -ī m.people, nation
immittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or let in
dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptumplunder
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
que, enclitic conj.and
appellō, -pellāre, -pellāvī, -pellātuscall, name
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
auctiō, -ōnis f.auction, public sale
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
frūstrā, adv.in vain
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
cum, prep, with abl.with
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
fīlius, -ī, m.son
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
prīmō, adv.at first
Arīcīnus, -a, -umof Aricia; (as noun) a man of Aricia
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
necopīnātus, -a, -umunexpected
percellō, -ere, -culī, -culsusstrike down; dismay, crush
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
spēs, speī, f.hope
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ineō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo into, enter; adopt
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
fundō, -ere, fūdī, fūsumpour; rout, scatter (an enemy)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
incursus, -ūs m.attack, onrush
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
ars, artis, f.art
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
dēclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn aside, slip away; avoid
paululum (adv.)a little, slightly
effūsē (adv.)far and wide, without restraint
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
tergum, -ī, n.back
adorior, -īrī, adortus sumattack
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
iam, adv.now, already
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
perexiguus, -a, -umvery small
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
quia (conj.)because
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
propior, -iusnearer (+ dat.)
perfugium, -ī n.refuge, shelter
inermis, -eunarmed
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
supplex, -icisbegging, as a suppliant
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
ibi, adv.in that place, there
benignē, adv.kindly
excipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake out or up, receive, welcome, entertain
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
hospitium, -ī, n.hospitality
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
hospitālis, -eof a guest, for guests; hospitable
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
cāritās, -ātis f.dearness; love, affection
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdwell, inhabit
vīcus, -ī, m.village
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita II. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.