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Horace · Epistles I

Horace, Epistles 1.15

Enquiries about a winter resort

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Epist. 1.15.1Quae sit hiems Veliae, quod caelum, Vala, Salernī,
quōrum hominum regiō et quālis via (nam mihi Bāiās
Mūsa supervacuās Antōnius, et tamen illīs
mē facit invīsum, gelidā cum perluor undā
5per medium frīgus, sānē murtēta relinquī
dictaque cessantem nervīs ēlīdere morbum
sulfura contemnī vīcus gemit, invidus aegrīs,
quī caput et stomachum suppōnere fontibus audent
Clūsīnīs Gabiōsque petunt et frīgida rūra.
What the winter is like at Velia, Vala, what the climate at Salernum, what kind of people the region has and what sort of road (for Antonius Musa says Baiae is useless for me, and yet makes me hateful to it, now that I am drenched in cold water in mid-winter. Of course the town groans that its myrtle groves are abandoned and its sulphur baths, said to drive lingering disease from the sinews, are scorned, jealous of the sick who dare to put head and stomach under the springs of Clusium and make for Gabii and the cold countryside.
Epist. 1.15.10Mūtandus locus est et dēversōria nota
praeteragendus equus, "quō tendis?
I must change my resort, and the horse be driven past his familiar inns. 'Where are you going?

Epist. 1.15.11Nōn mihi Cūmās
est iter aut Bāiās," laevā stomachōsus habēnā
dīcet eques;
My road is not to Cumae or Baiae,' the rider will say angrily, pulling the left rein;
Epist. 1.15.13sed equī frēnātō est auris in ōre);but a horse's ear is in his bridled mouth); Epist. 1.15.14maior utrum populum frūmentī cōpia pāscat;which people a larger supply of grain feeds; Epist. 1.15.15collēctōsne bibant imbrēs puteōsne perennīs
iūgis aquae (nam vīna nihil moror illīus ōrae:
rūre meō possum quidvīs perferre patīque;
whether they drink collected rainwater or wells of ever-flowing water (for the wines of that coast I care nothing about: at my country place I can put up with and endure anything;
Epist. 1.15.18ad mare cum vēnī, generōsum et lēne requīrō,
quod cūrās abigat, quod cum spē dīvite mānet
20in vēnās animumque meum, quod verba ministret,
quod mē Lūcānae iuvenem commendet amīcae);
when I have come to the sea, I need something generous and mellow, to drive away cares, to flow with rich hope into my veins and my heart, to supply words, to commend me as young to a Lucanian sweetheart);
Epist. 1.15.22tractus uter plūrīs leporēs, uter ēducet aprōs;which district rears more hares, which boars; Epist. 1.15.23utra magis piscīs et echīnōs aequora cēlent,
pinguis ut inde domum possim Phaeāxque revertī,
25scrībere tē nōbīs, tibi nōs accrēdere pār est.
which seas hide more fish and sea-urchins, so that I may return home from there fat as a Phaeacian: it is right for you to write to us, and for us to trust you.

Epist. 1.15.26Maenius, ut rēbus māternīs atque paternīs
fortiter absūmptīs urbānus coepit habērī
scurrā vagus, nōn quī certum praesēpe tenēret,
imprānsus nōn quī cīvem dīnōsceret hoste,
30quaelibet in quemvīs opprobria fingere saevus,
perniciēs et tempestās barathrumque macellī,
quidquid quaesierat, ventrī dōnābat avārō.
Maenius, when, having bravely run through his mother's and his father's property, he began to be thought a wit about town, a wandering buffoon with no fixed manger, who, when unfed, would not tell citizen from enemy, savage at inventing any insult against anyone, the ruin and tempest and abyss of the meat market, used to give whatever he had got to his greedy belly.
Epist. 1.15.33Hic ubi nēquitiae fautōribus et timidīs nīl
aut paulum abstulerat, patinās cēnābat omāsī,
35vīlis et agnīnae, tribus ursīs quod satis esset;
This man, when he had taken nothing or little from those who favoured or feared his wickedness, would dine on platters of tripe and cheap lamb, enough to satisfy three bears;
Epist. 1.15.36scīlicet ut ventrēs lāmnā candente nepōtum
dīceret ūrendōs corrēctus Bestius.
so that he would say, like Bestius reformed, that the bellies of spendthrifts should be branded with a red-hot plate.

Epist. 1.15.37Īdem,
quidquid erat nactus praedae maiōris, ubi omne
verterat in fūmum et cinerem, nōn herculē mīror,
40aiēbat, "sī quī comedunt bona, cum sit obēsō
nīl melius turdō, nīl vulvā pulchrius amplā."
Yet the same man, whenever he had come upon some bigger plunder and had turned it all to smoke and ash, used to say: 'By Hercules, I am not surprised if some people eat up their property, since there is nothing better than a fat thrush, nothing finer than a large sow's womb.'
Epist. 1.15.42Nīmīrum hic ego sum.Clearly I am this man. Epist. 1.15.42Nam tūta et parvola laudō,
cum rēs dēficiunt, satis inter vīlia fortis :
vērum ubi quid melius contingit et ūnctius, īdem
45vōs sapere et sōlōs āiō bene vīvere, quōrum
cōnspicitur nitidīs fundāta pecūnia vīllīs.
For I praise what is safe and lowly when resources fail, stout enough amid cheap things; but when something better and richer comes my way, I, the same man, say that you alone are wise and live well, whose money is seen to be founded in gleaming villas.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×2, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (223 words)
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hiems, hiemis f.winter
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
homō, hominis, m.man
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
via, -ae, f.road, way
nam, conj.for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
supervacuus, -a, -umsuperfluous, unnecessary, needless
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
gelidus, -a, -umicy, ice-cold
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
perluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtuswash; (passive) bathe
unda, -ae, f.wave
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
frīgus, -oris n.cold
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
murtētum (myrtētum), -ī n.myrtle grove
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
que, enclitic conj.and
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
nervus, -ī, m.sinew, muscle
ēlīdō, -ere, -līsī, -līsusdash out, dash down
morbus, -ī m.sickness, disease
sulfur (sulphur), -uris n.sulphur
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
vīcus, -ī, m.village
gemō, -ere, -uī, -itusgroan; lament
invidus, -a, -umenvious, jealous; as noun: an envious person, ill-wisher
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
caput, capitis, n.head
stomachus, -ī m.gullet, windpipe; stomach
suppōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or put under
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
Clūsīnus, -a, -umof Clusium, an Etruscan town
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
frīgidus, -a, -umcold
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
dēversōrium, -ī n.an inn, lodging
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
praeteragō, -eredrive past
equus, -ī, m.horse
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
tendō, -ere, tetendī, tentumstretch out; hold out
nōn, adv.not
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
laevus, -a, -umleft; ad laevam (manum): on the left
stomachōsus, -a, -umirritable, angry, peevish
habēna, -ae f.rein
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
sed, conj.but
frēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbridle, restrain
auris, -is, f.ear
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
populus, -ī m.people, nation
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
bibō, bibere, bibīdrink
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
puteus, -ī m.well
perennis, -elasting throughout the year, perennial, perpetual
iūgis, -econtinual, perpetual, unfailing; iūge sacrificium: the daily sacrifice
aqua, -ae, f.water
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mare, maris, n.sea
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
generōsus, -a, -umof good family, well-born
lēnis, -egentle
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
abigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctusdrive away, drive off (cattle), steal
cum, prep, with abl.with
spēs, speī, f.hope
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
mānō, -āre, -āvīflow, trickle; spread
vēna, -ae f.vein
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
verbum, -ī, n.word
ministrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumserve, wait on (+ dat.)
Lūcānus, -a, -umLucanian, of Lucania in southern Italy; as noun, a Lucanian
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
commendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusentrust, commit; recommend
amīca, -ae f.friend (a woman); girlfriend, mistress
tractus, -ūs m.a drawing out; stretch, extent; line (of trees)
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
lepus, -oris m.hare
ēducō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring up, rear, raise (children)
aper, aprī, m.wild boar
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
piscis, -is m.fish
echīnus, -ī m.sea urchin; dish, bowl
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
pinguis, -efat
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
inde (adv.)from there; then
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nōsplur. of ego
accrēdō, -ere, -crēdidībelieve, give credence to
pār, parisequal
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
māternus, -a, -umof a mother, maternal
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
paternus, -a, -umof a father, a father's
fortiter, adv.bravely
absūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake away, consume, destroy
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
scurra, -ae m.buffoon, jester; man about town; parasite
vagus, -a, -umwandering, roaming
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
praesēpe, -is n.stall, manger; lodging, home
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
imprānsus, -a, -umwithout lunch, fasting
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
dīnōscō (dignōscō), -eredistinguish, tell apart, discern
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibetany you please, any at all
opprobrium, -ī n.reproach, disgrace
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
perniciēs, -ēī f.ruin, destruction
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
barathrum, -ī n.abyss, pit; the underworld
macellum, -ī n.provision market, meat market
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
venter, ventris, m.belly
dōnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumgive; present (someone with something)
avārus, -a, -umgreedy, avaricious
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
nēquitia, -ae f.worthlessness, slackness
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
paulum, adv.a little, somewhat
auferō, auferre, abstulī, ablātusbear away, carry off
patina, -ae f.shallow dish, plate
cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdine
omāsum, -ī n.bullock's tripe
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
agnīna, -ae f.lamb (meat)
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
ursus, -ī m.bear
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
lāmina (lammina), -ae f.thin plate of metal, leaf, sheet
candeō, -ēre, -uīshine, be bright white
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstusburn
corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusstraighten, set right, reform
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
omnis, -eall, every
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
fūmus, -ī, m.smoke
cinis, cineris m.ashes
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
comedō, -ere (-esse), -ēdī, -ēsuseat, eat up
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
obēsus, -a, -umfat, plump; swollen
bonus, -a, -umgood
turdus, -ī m.thrush
vulva (volva), -ae f.womb
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
parvulus, -a, -umvery small, petty
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
fortis, -ebrave
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
ūnctus, -a, -umoiled, greasy; rich, sumptuous
vōsplur. of tū
sapiō, -ere, -īvībe wise, have sense
sōlus, -a, -umalone
bene, adv.well; successfully
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
cōnspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectusbehold, perceive, see
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
fundō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay the foundations of, found, establish
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
Horace, Epistles I. Latin text: H. R. Fairclough, Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica (Loeb, 1929), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.