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Horace · Epistles I

Horace, Epistles 1.14

To the steward of his farm

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Epist. 1.14.1Vīlice silvārum et mihi mē reddentis agellī,
quem tū fastīdīs, habitātum quīnque focīs et
quīnque bonōs solitum Variam dīmittere patrēs,
certēmus, spīnās animōne ego fortius an tū
5ēvellās agrō, et melior sit Horātius an rēs.
Steward of the woods and of the little farm that restores me to myself, which you scorn, though it was once inhabited by five households and used to send five good fathers to Varia, let us compete whether I root out the thorns from my mind more stoutly or you from the land, and whether Horace or his property is in better shape.
Epist. 1.14.6Mē quamvīs Lamiae pietās et cūra morātur,
frātrem maerentis, raptō dē frātre dolentis
īnsōlābiliter, tamen istūc mēns animusque
fert et amat spatiīs obstantia rumpere claustra,
10rūre ego vīventem, tū dīcis in urbe beātum.
Although the devotion and grief of Lamia keep me here, as he mourns his brother, grieving inconsolably for his brother snatched away, yet my mind and heart carry me there and long to burst the barriers that block the course. I call the man who lives in the country happy, you the man in the city.

Epist. 1.14.11Cui placet alterīus, sua nīmīrum est odiō sors.He who likes another's lot, no doubt, hates his own. Epist. 1.14.12Stultus uterque locum immeritum causātur inīquē:
in culpā est animus, quī sē nōn effugit umquam.
Each is a fool, and unfairly blames the undeserving place: the fault lies in the mind, which never escapes itself.
Epist. 1.14.14Tū mediastīnus tacitā prece rūra petēbās,
15nunc urbem et lūdōs et balnea vīlicus optās:
mē cōnstāre mihi scīs et discēdere trīstem
quandōcumque trahunt invīsa negōtia Rōmam,
nōn eadem mīrāmur;
As a drudge you used to long for the country in silent prayer; now, as steward, you wish for the city and the games and the baths. You know that I am consistent and leave sadly whenever hateful business drags me to Rome. We do not admire the same things;
Epist. 1.14.18eō disconvenit inter
mēque et tē.
therein lies the disagreement between you and me.
Epist. 1.14.19Nam quae dēserta et inhospita tesqua
20crēdis, amoena vocat mēcum quī sentit, et ōdit
quae tū pulchra putās, fornix tibi et ūncta popīna
incutiunt urbis dēsīderium, videō, et quod
angulus iste feret piper et tūs ōcius ūvā,
nec vīcīna subest vīnum praebēre taberna
25quae possit tibi, nec meretrīx tībīcina, cuius
ad strepitum saliās terrae gravis;
For what you think deserts and inhospitable wastes, the man who feels as I do calls lovely, and he hates what you think beautiful. The brothel and the greasy cookshop, I see, stir in you a longing for the city, and the fact that this corner of mine will bear pepper and incense sooner than grapes, and that there is no tavern close by to supply you with wine, nor a flute-girl courtesan to whose din you might stamp heavily on the ground;
Epist. 1.14.26et tamen urgēs
iamprīdem nōn tācta ligōnibus arva bovemque
disiūnctum cūrās et strictīs frondibus explēs;
and yet you toil at fields long untouched by mattocks, and look after the unyoked ox and fill it with stripped leaves;
Epist. 1.14.29addit opus pigrō rīvus, sī dēcidit imber,
30multā mōle docendus aprīcō parcere prātō.
the stream adds work for the lazy man, if rain has fallen, and must be taught by many a dam to spare the sunny meadow.

Epist. 1.14.31Nunc age, quid nostrum concentum dīvidat audī.Now come, hear what breaks our harmony. Epist. 1.14.32Quem tenuēs decuēre togae nitidīque capillī,
quem scīs immūnem Cinarae placuisse rapācī,
quem bibulum liquidī mediā dē lūce Falernī,
35cēna brevis iuvat et prope rīvum somnus in herbā;
One whom fine togas and glossy hair became, who, as you know, pleased greedy Cinara without gifts, who drank clear Falernian from midday, a short meal delights him and sleep on the grass beside a stream;
Epist. 1.14.36nec lūsisse pudet, sed nōn incīdere lūdum,
nōn istīc oblīquō oculō mea commoda quisquam
līmat, nōn odiō obscūrō morsūque venēnat:
rīdent vīcīnī glaebās et saxa moventem.
nor am I ashamed to have played, but I would be ashamed not to cut the game short. There, no one files away at my comforts with a sidelong eye, nor poisons them with hidden hatred and bite: the neighbours laugh as I move clods and stones.
Epist. 1.14.40Cum servīs urbāna diāria rōdere māvīs;You would rather gnaw the daily rations in town with the slaves; Epist. 1.14.41hōrum tū in numerum vōtō ruis: invidet ūsum
lignōrum et pecoris tibi cālō argūtus et hortī,
optat ephippia bōs, piger optat arāre caballus.
into their number you rush in your prayers: the sharp-witted groom envies you the use of firewood, flock and garden. The ox longs for saddle-trappings, the lazy nag longs to plough.

Epist. 1.14.44Quam scit uterque libēns cēnsēbō exerceat artem.My verdict will be that each should gladly practise the craft he knows.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (217 words)
vīlicus, -ī m.farm manager, overseer of an estate
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
agellus, -ī m.small field, little farm
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
fastīdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfeel disgust at, be sick of, scorn
habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdwell, inhabit
quīnquefive
focus, -ī m.hearth, fireplace; (fig.) home
bonus, -a, -umgood
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
varius, -a, -umvarious
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
pater, patris, m.father
certō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscontend, compete, vie
spīna, -ae f.thorn, thornbush
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
fortiter, adv.bravely
an, conj.or (in questions)
ēvellō, -ere, ēvellī, ēvulsumpull out
ager, agri, m.field, land
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
pietās, -ātis f.dutifulness, devotion to family and gods
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
frāter, frātris, m.brother
maereō, -ēregrieve, be sad
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
īnsōlābiliter (adv.)inconsolably
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
istūc (adv.)to where you are, thither; to that point
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
que, enclitic conj.and
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptusbreak, burst
claustrum, -ī n.bar, bolt; barrier, enclosure
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
nīmīrum (adv.)of course, no doubt, evidently (often ironic)
odium, -ī, n.hatred
sors, sortis, f.lot
stultus, -a, -umfoolish, stupid
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
immeritus, -a, -umundeserving of punishment, innocent; undeserved
causor, -ārī, -ātus sumplead as an excuse, give as a reason; find fault
inīquē (adv.)unfairly, unjustly; wickedly
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nōn, adv.not
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
umquam, adv.ever
mediastīnus, -ī m.drudge, menial slave
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
prex, precis f. (usu. pl.)prayer, entreaty
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
nunc, adv.now
lūdus, -ī, m.game, sport
balineum (balneum), -ī n.bath, bathroom
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
quandōcumque, conj.whenever, as often as
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
invīsus, -a, -umhated, hateful (to: dat.)
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
disconveniō, -īrebe inconsistent, disagree
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
nam, conj.for
dēsertus, -a, -umdeserted
inhospitus, -a, -uminhospitable
tesqua (tesca), -ōrum n. pl.wild wastes, rough wilderness
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
amoenus, -a, -umpleasant, lovely (of places)
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
fornix, -icis m.arch, vault
ungō, ungere, ūnxī, ūnctussmear, anoint
popīna, -ae f.cookshop, low tavern
incutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusstrike into, inspire (fear) in (+ dat.)
dēsīderium, -ī, n.desire, longing
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quod, conj.that, in that, because
angulus, -ī m.corner, angle
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
piper, piperis n.pepper
tūs, tūris n.incense
ōcius, comp. adv.more quickly, swiftly, at once
ūva, -ae f.grape; bunch of grapes
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
subsum, -essebe near, be close by
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
taberna, -ae f.hut; shop, stall
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
meretrīx, -īcis f.prostitute, courtesan
tībīcina, -ae f.female piper, flute girl
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
saliō, -īre, saluī, saltumleap, jump; (of the pulse) beat
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
urgeō, -ēre, ursīpress hard
iamprīdem (adv.)long since, for a long time now
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tāctustouch
ligō, -ōnis m.mattock, hoe
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
disiungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctumseparate, cut off
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
stringō, stringere, strinxī, strictusdraw, unsheathe
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
opus, operis, n.work, task
piger, -gra, -grumsluggish, slow
rīvus, -ī m.stream, brook
sī, conj.if
dēcidō, -cidere, -cidīfall down
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
aprīcus, -a, -umsunny, warm
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
prātum, -ī n.meadow
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
noster, -tra, -trumour
concentus, -ūs m.harmony, music of voices or notes sounding together
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
tenuis, -ethin
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
toga, -ae f.toga, the Roman citizen's garment of peace
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
capillus, -ī m.hair
immūnis, -efree from tribute or public burdens, exempt
rapāx, -ācisravenous, grasping, rapacious
liquidus, -a, -umliquid, flowing; clear
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
lūx, lūcis, f.light
Falernum, -ī n.Falernian wine, from the Falernian district of Campania
cēna, -ae, f.dinner
brevis, -eshort
iuvō, -āre, iūvī, iūtumhelp
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
sed, conj.but
incīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut into, cut through
istīc (adv.)there, where you are
oblīquus, -a, -umslanting, sideways, oblique
oculus, -ī, m.eye
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
līmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfile; polish, refine; (with oculo) eye askance, belittle
obscūrus, -a, -umdark
morsus, -ūs m.bite; jaws
venēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoison; harm
rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsuslaugh
glaeba, -ae f.clod, soil
saxum, -ī, n.rock, stone
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
cum, prep, with abl.with
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
urbānus, -a, -umof the city (Rome), urban
diārium, -ī n.daily ration
rōdō, -ere, rōsī, rōsusgnaw, nibble
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
numerus, -ī, m.number
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
invideō, -ēre, invīdī, invīsum (+ dat.)envy, be jealous of
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
lignum, -ī, n.wood
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
cālō, -ōnis m.soldier's servant, camp follower
argūtus, -a, -umclear-sounding, shrill, rustling; sharp, clever
hortus, -ī, m.garden
ephippium, -ī n.saddle, saddle-cloth
arō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplow
caballus, -ī m.horse, nag, workhorse
libēns (lubēns), -entiswilling, glad; (as adv.) gladly
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
ars, artis, f.art
Horace, Epistles I. Latin text: H. R. Fairclough, Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica (Loeb, 1929), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.