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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 32

Accusers after the proscriptions

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Rosc. Am. 32.1Haec tū, Erucī, tot et tanta sī nanctus essēs in reō, quam diū dīcerēs!If you, Erucius, had found so many and such great points against the defendant, how long you would speak! Rosc. Am. 32.1quō tē modō iactārēs!how you would show off! Rosc. Am. 32.1tempus herculē tē citius quam ōrātiō dēficeret.by Hercules, time would fail you sooner than words. Rosc. Am. 32.1Etenim in singulīs rēbus eius modī māteriēs est ut diēs singulōs possīs cōnsūmere.For on each single point there is material enough for you to spend a whole day on each. Rosc. Am. 32.1Neque ego nōn possum;Nor am I unable to do it; Rosc. Am. 32.1nōn enim tantum mihi dērogō, tametsī nihil adrogō, ut tē cōpiōsius quam mē putem posse dīcere.for I do not disparage myself so much, though I claim nothing for myself, as to think that you can speak more fluently than I. Rosc. Am. 32.1Vērum ego forsitan propter multitūdinem patrōnōrum in grege adnumerer, tē pugna Cannēnsis accūsātōrem sat bonum fēcit.But I perhaps, because of the multitude of advocates, may be counted as one of the herd, while the battle of Cannae has made you a fairly good accuser.

Rosc. Am. 32.1Multōs caesōs nōn ad Trasumennum lacum, sed ad Servīlium vīdimus.We have seen many slain, not at Lake Trasimene, but at the Servilian Pool. Rosc. Am. 32.90" Quis ibi nōn est volnerātus ferrō Phrygiō?"'Who was not wounded there by Phrygian steel?' Rosc. Am. 32.90Nōn necesse est omnīs commemorāre Curtiōs, Mariōs, dēnique Memmiōs quōs iam aetās ā proeliīs āvocābat, postrēmō Priamum ipsum senem, Antistium quem nōn modo aetās sed etiam lēgēs pugnāre prohibēbant.There is no need to mention all the Curtii, the Marii, and then the Memmii, whom age was already calling away from battle, and finally old Priam himself, Antistius, whom not only age but even the laws forbade to fight. Rosc. Am. 32.90Iam quōs nēmō propter ignōbilitātem nōminat, sescentī sunt quī inter sīcāriōs et dē venēficiīs accūsābant;Then there are those whom nobody names because of their obscurity, hundreds who used to prosecute for murder and poisoning; Rosc. Am. 32.90quī omnēs, quod ad mē attinet, vellem vīverent.all of whom, for my part, I could wish were alive. Rosc. Am. 32.90Nihil enim malī est canēs ibi quam plūrimōs esse ubi permultī observandī multaque servanda sunt.For there is no harm in there being as many dogs as possible where very many people have to be watched and many things guarded.

Rosc. Am. 32.91Vērum, ut fit, multa saepe imprūdentibus imperātōribus vīs bellī ac turba mōlītur.But, as happens, the violence and confusion of war often bring about many things without the generals' knowledge. Rosc. Am. 32.91Dum is in aliīs rēbus erat occupātus quī summam rērum administrābat, erant intereā quī suīs volneribus medērentur;While the man who held the supreme direction of affairs was occupied with other things, there were meanwhile those who were healing their own wounds; Rosc. Am. 32.91quī, tamquam sī offūsa reī pūblicae sempiterna nox esset, ita ruēbant in tenebrīs omniaque miscēbant;who, as if everlasting night had been spread over the state, rushed about in the darkness and threw everything into confusion; Rosc. Am. 32.91ā quibus mīror nē quod iūdiciōrum esset vestīgium nōn subsellia quoque esse combusta;and I am surprised that they did not burn the benches as well, so that no trace of the courts should remain; Rosc. Am. 32.91nam et accūsātōrēs et iūdicēs sustulērunt.for they did away with both accusers and judges. Rosc. Am. 32.91Hoc commodī est quod ita vīxērunt ut testīs omnīs, sī cuperent, interficere nōn possent;There is this advantage, that they have lived in such a way that they could not kill all the witnesses even if they wished; Rosc. Am. 32.91nam, dum hominum genus erit, quī accūset eōs nōn dēerit;for as long as the human race exists, there will be no lack of someone to accuse them; Rosc. Am. 32.91dum cīvitās erit, iūdicia fīent.as long as the state exists, trials will be held.

Rosc. Am. 32.91Vērum, ut coepī dīcere, et Erucius, haec sī habēret in causā quae commemorāvī, posset ea quamvīs diū dīcere, et ego, iūdicēs, possum;But, as I began to say, Erucius, if he had in his case the things I have mentioned, could speak about them as long as he liked, and so can I, judges; Rosc. Am. 32.91sed in animō est, quem ad modum ante dīxī, leviter trānsīre ac tantum modo perstringere ūnam quamque rem, ut omnēs intellegant mē nōn studiō accūsāre sed officiō dēfendere.but I intend, as I said before, to pass over each point lightly and merely touch on it, so that all may understand that I am not accusing from zeal but defending from duty.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (164 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
tot (indecl.)so many
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
sī, conj.if
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
iactō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtoss about; discuss
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
hercle (interj.)by Hercules!, indeed
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
etenim (conj.)for indeed, and in fact
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
māteriēs, -ēī f.matter, material; source, cause
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
nōn, adv.not
enim, conj.for
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
dērogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustake away, withdraw
tametsī (conj.)although
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
adrogō (arrogō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusclaim for oneself, assume; confer
cōpiōsē (adv.)fully, at length, abundantly; eloquently
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
forsitan (adv.)perhaps
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
grex, gregis m.flock, herd; band, gang
adnumerō (annumerō), -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount out, pay; reckon in, add; account for
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
Cannēnsis, -eof Cannae, the village in Apulia where Hannibal destroyed the Roman army (216 BC)
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
sat (indecl.)enough (= satis)
bonus, -a, -umgood
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
sed, conj.but
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
ibi, adv.in that place, there
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
Phrygius, -a, -umPhrygian, of Phrygia in central Asia Minor
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
omnis, -eall, every
commemorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummention, recount
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iam, adv.now, already
aetās, -tātis, f.age
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
āvocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall away, divert
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
senex, senis, m.old man
modo, adv.only
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
lēx, lēgis f.law
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ignōbilitās, -ātis f.obscurity, lack of fame; low birth
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
sescentī, -ae, -asix hundred
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sīcārius, -ī m.assassin, cutthroat
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
venēficium, -ī n.poisoning; sorcery, magic
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
attineō (adtineō), -ēre, -tinuī, -tentumhold fast; concern, matter (nihil attinet: it is no use, there is no point)
volō, velle, voluīwish
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
permultus, -a, -umvery many, very much
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
que, enclitic conj.and
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
saepe, adv.often, frequently
imprūdēns, -entisoff guard, unaware
imperātor, -ōris, m.commander, general
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
bellum, -ī, n.war
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
turba, -ae f.crowd
mōlior, -īrī, -ītus sumwork at, contrive, plot
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
summa, -ae f.total, sum; supreme command
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
medeor, -ērīheal, remedy (+ dat.)
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
offundō (obfundō), -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, spread over; overwhelm, cloud
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
sempiternus, -a, -umeverlasting, eternal
nox, noctis, f.night
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ruō, -ere, -ī, -itūrusrush
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
subsellium, -ī n.bench, seat (in the senate or courts)
quoque, adv.also
combūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustumburn up
nam, conj.for
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
quod, conj.that, in that, because
testis, -is m./f.witness
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
homō, hominis, m.man
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
leviter, adv.slightly
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
perstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusgraze; seize, run through (of a feeling)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.