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Cicero · Pro Roscio Amerino

Pro Roscio 29

Erucius's remaining charges dismissed

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Rosc. Am. 29.1Nunc, Erucī, ad tē veniō.Now, Erucius, I come to you. Rosc. Am. 29.1Conveniat mihi tēcum necesse est, sī ad hunc maleficium istud pertinet, aut ipsum suā manū fēcisse, id quod negās, aut per aliquōs līberōs aut servōs.You must agree with me, if this crime concerns my client, that either he did it with his own hand, which you deny, or through some free men or slaves. Rosc. Am. 29.1Līberōsne?Free men? Rosc. Am. 29.1quōs neque ut convenīre potuerit neque quā ratiōne indūcere neque ubi neque per quōs neque quā spē aut quō pretiō potes ostendere.you cannot show how he could meet them, or by what means he induced them, or where, or through whom, or with what hope or at what price. Rosc. Am. 29.1Ego contrā ostendō nōn modo nihil eōrum fēcisse Sex. Roscium sed nē potuisse quidem facere, quod neque Rōmae multīs annīs fuerit neque dē praediīs umquam temerē discesserit.I on the other hand show not only that Sextus Roscius did none of these things but that he could not even have done them, because he had not been in Rome for many years and never left his farms without good reason. Rosc. Am. 29.1Restāre tibi vidēbātur servōrum nōmen, quō quasi in portum rēiectus ā cēterīs suspīciōnibus cōnfugere possēs;There seemed to remain for you the heading of slaves, where you could take refuge as if in a harbour, driven back from your other suspicions; Rosc. Am. 29.1ubi scopulum offendis Eius modī ut nōn modo ab hōc crīmen resilīre videās vērum omnem suspīciōnem in vōsmet ipsōs recidere intellegās.there you strike a rock of such a kind that you see not only that the charge rebounds from my client but realise that all suspicion falls back on yourselves.

Rosc. Am. 29.80Quid ergō est quō tamen accūsātor inopiā argūmentōrum cōnfūgerit?What, then, is it that the accuser has nevertheless fled to, for lack of arguments? Rosc. Am. 29.80"Eius modī tempus erat" inquit "ut hominēs volgō impūne occīderentur;'The times were such,' he says, 'that men were killed everywhere with impunity; Rosc. Am. 29.80quā rē hoc tū propter multitūdinem sīcāriōrum nūllō negōtiō facere potuistī."so you were able to do this with no trouble because of the great number of assassins.' Rosc. Am. 29.80Interdum mihi vidēris, Erucī, ūnā mercēde duās rēs adsequī velle, nōs iūdiciō perfundere, accūsāre autem eōs ipsōs ā quibus mercēdem accēpistī.Sometimes, Erucius, you seem to me to want to gain two things for one fee: to give us a dousing with a prosecution, and to accuse the very men from whom you took your fee. Rosc. Am. 29.80Quid ais?What do you say? Rosc. Am. 29.80volgō occīdēbantur?men were killed everywhere? Rosc. Am. 29.80Per quōs et ā quibus?Through whose agency, and by whom? Rosc. Am. 29.80Nōnne cōgitās tē ā sectōribus hūc adductum esse?Do you not reflect that you were brought here by the buyers at the auctions? Rosc. Am. 29.80Quid posteā?What then?

Rosc. Am. 29.80Nescīmus per ista tempora eōsdem ferē sectōrēs fuisse collōrum et bonōrum?Do we not know that in those times the same men, for the most part, were cutters-up of both necks and estates? Rosc. Am. 29.81Eī dēnique quī tum armātī diēs noctēsque concursābant, quī Rōmae erant adsiduī, quī omnī tempore in praedā et in sanguine versābantur, Sex. Rosciō temporis illīus acerbitātem inīquitātemque obicient et illam sīcāriōrum multitūdinem in quā ipsī ducēs ac prīncipēs erant huic crīminī putābunt fore?In short, will those who then ran about armed day and night, who were constantly in Rome, who at all times were busy with plunder and bloodshed, throw up against Sextus Roscius the cruelty and injustice of that time, and imagine that the host of assassins, of whom they themselves were the leaders and chiefs, will be a charge against him? Rosc. Am. 29.81quī nōn modo Rōmae nōn fuit sed omnīnō quid Rōmae agerētur nescīvit, proptereā quod rūrī adsiduus, quem ad modum tūte cōnfitēris, fuit.he who not only was not in Rome but knew nothing at all of what was being done in Rome, because, as you yourself admit, he stayed constantly in the country.

Rosc. Am. 29.82Vereor nē aut molestus sim vōbīs, iūdicēs, aut nē ingeniīs vestrīs videar diffīdere, sī dē tam perspicuīs rēbus diūtius disseram.I fear, judges, that I may either weary you or seem to distrust your intelligence if I discuss such obvious matters at greater length. Rosc. Am. 29.82Erucī crīminātiō tōta, ut arbitror, dissolūta est;Erucius' whole accusation, I think, has been demolished; Rosc. Am. 29.82nisi forte exspectātis ut illa dīluam quae dē pecūlātū ac dē eius modī rēbus commentīciīs inaudīta nōbīs ante hoc tempus ac nova obiēcit;unless perhaps you are waiting for me to refute what he alleged about embezzlement and fictitious matters of that kind, things unheard of by us before this time, and new; Rosc. Am. 29.82quae mihi iste vīsus est ex aliā ōrātiōne dēclāmāre quam in alium reum commentārētur;which he seemed to me to be declaiming from another speech that he was preparing against another defendant; Rosc. Am. 29.82ita neque ad crīmen parricīdī neque ad eum quī causam dīcit pertinēbant;so they had nothing to do either with the charge of parricide or with the man who is on trial; Rosc. Am. 29.82dē quibus quoniam verbō arguit, verbō satis est negāre.and since he made those charges in a word, a word is enough to deny them.

Rosc. Am. 29.82Sī quid est quod ad testīs reservet, ibi quoque nōs, ut in ipsā causā, parātiōrēs reperiet quam putābat.If there is anything he is keeping back for the witnesses, there too, as in the case itself, he will find us better prepared than he thought.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×7, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
nunc, adv.now
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sī, conj.if
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
maleficium, -ī n.harm, wrongdoing
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
manus, -ūs, f.hand
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
līber, lībera, līberumfree
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
spēs, speī, f.hope
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
nōn, adv.not
modo, adv.only
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
sed, conj.but
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
quod, conj.that, in that, because
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
annus, -ī, m.year
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
praedium, -ī n.estate, farm
umquam, adv.ever
temerē, adv.rashly
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
restō, -āre, restitīstay behind, remain
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
quasi, conj.as if
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
cōnfugiō, -fugere, -fūgīflee for refuge
scopulus, -ī m.rock, crag, reef
offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusoffend
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
resiliō, -īre, -uīspring back, rebound, recoil
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
omnis, -eall, every
vōsplur. of tū
recidō, -ere, reccidī, -cāsūrusfall back; (of a matter) come down to, devolve on
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
accūsātor, -ōris m.accuser, prosecutor
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
homō, hominis, m.man
vulgō (adv.)everywhere, commonly
impūne (adv.)without punishment
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
sīcārius, -ī m.assassin, cutthroat
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
interdum (adv.)sometimes
ūnātogether, along
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
adsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumovertake; gain, achieve
volō, velle, voluīwish
nōsplur. of ego
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
perfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour over, drench; fill (with a feeling)
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nōnne, adv., introducing a question to which an affirmative answer is expectednot?
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
sector, -ōris m.buyer of confiscated property at auction, speculator in such goods
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
posteā, adv.after this, afterwards
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
collum, -ī, n.neck
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
tum, adv.then, at that time
armātus, -a, -umarmed
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
nox, noctis, f.night
que, enclitic conj.and
concursō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrun about, rush to and fro
assiduus, -a, -umconstant, unremitting
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
versor, -ārī, -ātuskeep turning, be busy or employed, be
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
acerbitās, -ātis f.harshness; hardship, suffering
inīquitās, -ātis f.unevenness; unfairness, difficulty
obiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow in the way or to
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
proptereāfor this reason; proptereā quod: because
rūs, rūris n.the country, countryside; (pl.) fields
cōnfiteor, -ērī, -fessus sumadmit, confess
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
iūdex, iūdicis, m.judge
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
vester, -tra, -trumyour
diffīdō, -ere, -fīsus sumdistrust, lose confidence in (+ dat.)
tam, adv.so
perspicuus, -a, -umclear, transparent; evident, plain
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
disserō, -ere, -sēvī, -situssow here and there, plant at intervals
crīminātiō, -ōnis f.an accusation, a charge (often unjust)
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
dissolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusloosen, break up; dissolūtus: lax, negligent
nisi, conj.if not, unless
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dīluō, -ere, -luī, -lūtumwash away, dissolve
pecūlātus, -ūs m.embezzlement of public money
commentīcius, -a, -uminvented, made up, fictitious
inaudītus, -a, -umunheard of, new, strange
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
dēclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspractise oratory, declaim; speak loudly, rant
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
commentor, -ārī, -ātus sumthink over, study, prepare (a speech), practise
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quoniam, conj.since now, since
verbum, -ī, n.word
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
testis, -is m./f.witness
reservō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumkeep back, save
ibi, adv.in that place, there
quoque, adv.also
parātus, -a, -umprepared, equipped, ready
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
Cicero, Pro Roscio Amerino. Latin text: A. C. Clark, M. Tulli Ciceronis Orationes I (Oxford, 1908), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.